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Background <p>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) causes significant morbidity and mortality, but Swiss data are limited. We analyzed the Swiss CAPNETZ cohort to describe patient characteristics, pathogens, diagnostics, and outcomes.</p> Methods <p>Adults with CAP were prospectively enrolled between 2010 and 2022 at two tertiary hospitals. Data on demographics, comorbidities, microbiology, and outcomes were collected. Mortality was assessed at 28 and 180&#xa0;days.</p> Results <p>Among 478 patients, 97.7% were hospitalized (median 7&#xa0;days), and 76.4% had ≥ 1 comorbidity. ICU admission occurred in 7.3%. Overall mortality was 2.9% at 28&#xa0;days and 5.5% at 180&#xa0;days, increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic (28-day: 5.7%; 180-day: 10.9%). Higher mortality was observed in older, immunosuppressed, and oncologic patients. The etiological pathogens were detected in 38.3%, and molecular testing of sputum and bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) enhances pathogen detection rates. Bacterial monoinfections predominated (20.2%), followed by viral (7.4%) and mixed infections (9.5%). Leading pathogens were <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (35.0%) and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (16.1%). In immunocompromised patients, <i>H. influenzae</i> predominated.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall mortality of CAP stays high. <i>S. pneumoniae</i> remains the most common pathogen overall, while <i>H. influenzae</i> is the most frequent pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Molecular testing of sputum and BAL improves pathogen detection.</p>

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Pathogen identification and outcome in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Switzerland: findings from the Swiss CAPNETZ cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Samuel Etienne,
  • Werner C. Albrich,
  • Mathias W. Pletz,
  • Marcus Panning,
  • Vivian Suarez Domenech,
  • Frank Eberhardt,
  • Grit Barten-Neiner,
  • Daiana Stolz

摘要

Background

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) causes significant morbidity and mortality, but Swiss data are limited. We analyzed the Swiss CAPNETZ cohort to describe patient characteristics, pathogens, diagnostics, and outcomes.

Methods

Adults with CAP were prospectively enrolled between 2010 and 2022 at two tertiary hospitals. Data on demographics, comorbidities, microbiology, and outcomes were collected. Mortality was assessed at 28 and 180 days.

Results

Among 478 patients, 97.7% were hospitalized (median 7 days), and 76.4% had ≥ 1 comorbidity. ICU admission occurred in 7.3%. Overall mortality was 2.9% at 28 days and 5.5% at 180 days, increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic (28-day: 5.7%; 180-day: 10.9%). Higher mortality was observed in older, immunosuppressed, and oncologic patients. The etiological pathogens were detected in 38.3%, and molecular testing of sputum and bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) enhances pathogen detection rates. Bacterial monoinfections predominated (20.2%), followed by viral (7.4%) and mixed infections (9.5%). Leading pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (35.0%) and Haemophilus influenzae (16.1%). In immunocompromised patients, H. influenzae predominated.

Conclusion

Overall mortality of CAP stays high. S. pneumoniae remains the most common pathogen overall, while H. influenzae is the most frequent pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Molecular testing of sputum and BAL improves pathogen detection.