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Purpose <p>Diphtheria is a re-emerging vaccine-preventable disease, mainly caused by toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i>.</p> Methods <p>Here, we report a fatal respiratory diphtheria infection in a Polish woman travelling to Germany possibly linked to a cutaneous diphtheria infection in a homeless man living in the same geographic area. Laboratory diagnostics involving MALDI-TOF MS, <i>tox</i>-gene PCR, Lateral Flow Immuno Assay, a modified Elek test and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) identified the causative strain as cotrimoxazole-resistant toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> biotype <i>mitis</i>, sequence type ST574. Moreover, a review on the diphtheria situation in Poland is presented.</p> Results <p>NGS data suggest a common source of infection in Poland and a possible link to the Europe-wide outbreak of imported diphtheria with <i>C. diphtheriae</i> since 2022. This is the first diphtheria case in Poland since 2000.</p>

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A case of fatal respiratory diphtheria imported from Poland to Germany: possible link to an undetected imported diphtheria cluster in Poland?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Anja Berger,
  • Aleksandra A. Zasada,
  • Alexandra Dangel,
  • Katarzyna Piekarska,
  • Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz,
  • Katja Bengs,
  • Christine Noll,
  • Andreas Sing

摘要

Purpose

Diphtheria is a re-emerging vaccine-preventable disease, mainly caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Methods

Here, we report a fatal respiratory diphtheria infection in a Polish woman travelling to Germany possibly linked to a cutaneous diphtheria infection in a homeless man living in the same geographic area. Laboratory diagnostics involving MALDI-TOF MS, tox-gene PCR, Lateral Flow Immuno Assay, a modified Elek test and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) identified the causative strain as cotrimoxazole-resistant toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis, sequence type ST574. Moreover, a review on the diphtheria situation in Poland is presented.

Results

NGS data suggest a common source of infection in Poland and a possible link to the Europe-wide outbreak of imported diphtheria with C. diphtheriae since 2022. This is the first diphtheria case in Poland since 2000.