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<p>With the rapid development of industries such as 3D printing, intelligent construction, and advanced manufacturing, industry-released ultra-fine particles (UFP, diameter &lt; 100&#xa0;nm) significantly threaten human health and urban ecological environment due to their small size and distinctive toxicity. Conventional industrial pollution control technologies (e.g. electrostatic precipitator) generally exhibit limited efficiency in removing UFP. As a critical component of nature-based solutions, urban vegetation can automatically remove particulate matter and reduce outdoor air temperature. In order to quantitatively characterize the effect of urban vegetation on industry-released UFP dispersion/removal and outdoor air cooling, a numerical strategy is proposed by coupling the urban thermal environment model and porous vegetation purification model. After experimental validation, the numerical model is adopted to optimize the critical design parameters (e.g., vegetation size, spacing, configuration) of urban vegetation from the perspectives of UFP removal and heat mitigation. The UFP removal effect is highly sensitive to vegetation size and spacing. As the vegetation spacing decreases from 1.5 D to 0.5&#xa0;D, the vegetation effect at the targeted plane increases from 57 to 71%. The optimal design with “tree + shrub” configuration can increase the vegetation effect by 38% for 100 nm particles. In contrast to mobile transportation-related UFP sources, the mitigation of industrial emissions is more strongly associated with taller vegetation forms, such as trees. Urban vegetation can reduce the local air temperature in the planted area by approximately 3–4&#xa0;°C. This work provides a quantitative tool for optimal design of urban vegetation to effectively mitigate heat and air pollution.</p>

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Numerical simulation of ultra-fine particle removal and heat mitigation by urban vegetation: climate adaptation and resilience enhancement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Z. Yang,
  • B. Zhao,
  • R. Zhu,
  • Z. Chen,
  • S. Bao,
  • Z. Feng

摘要

With the rapid development of industries such as 3D printing, intelligent construction, and advanced manufacturing, industry-released ultra-fine particles (UFP, diameter < 100 nm) significantly threaten human health and urban ecological environment due to their small size and distinctive toxicity. Conventional industrial pollution control technologies (e.g. electrostatic precipitator) generally exhibit limited efficiency in removing UFP. As a critical component of nature-based solutions, urban vegetation can automatically remove particulate matter and reduce outdoor air temperature. In order to quantitatively characterize the effect of urban vegetation on industry-released UFP dispersion/removal and outdoor air cooling, a numerical strategy is proposed by coupling the urban thermal environment model and porous vegetation purification model. After experimental validation, the numerical model is adopted to optimize the critical design parameters (e.g., vegetation size, spacing, configuration) of urban vegetation from the perspectives of UFP removal and heat mitigation. The UFP removal effect is highly sensitive to vegetation size and spacing. As the vegetation spacing decreases from 1.5 D to 0.5 D, the vegetation effect at the targeted plane increases from 57 to 71%. The optimal design with “tree + shrub” configuration can increase the vegetation effect by 38% for 100 nm particles. In contrast to mobile transportation-related UFP sources, the mitigation of industrial emissions is more strongly associated with taller vegetation forms, such as trees. Urban vegetation can reduce the local air temperature in the planted area by approximately 3–4 °C. This work provides a quantitative tool for optimal design of urban vegetation to effectively mitigate heat and air pollution.