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<p>As alkali-activated materials represent a technical and environmental alternative for reducing cement consumption, it is necessary to enable their applications under the same conditions in which traditional Portland cement (OPC) is used. Supported by records of good mechanical performance, durability, and capacity to incorporate industrial waste, studies have investigated their use in additive manufacturing or 3D printing—a technology that is revolutionizing the construction sector by providing greater efficiency, design flexibility, and reduced consumption of material resources, although it still faces challenges related to process standardization and control of mixture properties. In this context, alkali-activated materials, which have the potential to incorporate industrial waste as precursors, can also absorb waste from the construction industry, such as construction and demolition waste. The use of industrial waste as precursors in alkali-activated matrices represents an innovative strategy to mitigate environmental impacts and promote a circular economy. This article presents a review of the main characteristics of certain wastes that modify rheological properties and printing parameters for additive manufacturing with alkali-activated matrices. It discusses the challenges and perspectives related to the use of three types of waste with such potential: red ceramic waste (RCW), mineral wool waste, and glass waste, considering how these materials can influence additive manufacturing after undergoing specific treatment processes. This discussion was conducted based on studies published between 2014 and 2025.</p>

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Construction and demolition waste in 3D printing of alkali-activated materials: potential effects of incorporation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • D. A. G. Orrego,
  • M. T. Barraza,
  • F. J. G. Mendes,
  • H. A. Colorado,
  • M. T. Marvila,
  • A. R. G. de Azevedo

摘要

As alkali-activated materials represent a technical and environmental alternative for reducing cement consumption, it is necessary to enable their applications under the same conditions in which traditional Portland cement (OPC) is used. Supported by records of good mechanical performance, durability, and capacity to incorporate industrial waste, studies have investigated their use in additive manufacturing or 3D printing—a technology that is revolutionizing the construction sector by providing greater efficiency, design flexibility, and reduced consumption of material resources, although it still faces challenges related to process standardization and control of mixture properties. In this context, alkali-activated materials, which have the potential to incorporate industrial waste as precursors, can also absorb waste from the construction industry, such as construction and demolition waste. The use of industrial waste as precursors in alkali-activated matrices represents an innovative strategy to mitigate environmental impacts and promote a circular economy. This article presents a review of the main characteristics of certain wastes that modify rheological properties and printing parameters for additive manufacturing with alkali-activated matrices. It discusses the challenges and perspectives related to the use of three types of waste with such potential: red ceramic waste (RCW), mineral wool waste, and glass waste, considering how these materials can influence additive manufacturing after undergoing specific treatment processes. This discussion was conducted based on studies published between 2014 and 2025.