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<p>The Sundarbans, a critical hotspot for biodiversity, are becoming increasingly vulnerable to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution. This study examined the contamination level, distribution profile, sources, and potential ecological risks of target elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Fe, and Mn) in three depths (10, 20, and 30&#xa0;cm) of mud soil samples in east forest division of Sundarbans, Bangladesh. PTE concentrations in 54 mud soil samples collected from 6 sampling stations were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The results revealed that the concentrations (mg/kg) followed the order: Fe &gt; Mn &gt; Zn &gt; Ni &gt; Cu &gt; Cr &gt; Pb &gt; Co &gt; Cd. Zn showed moderate contamination, while the rest of the metals exhibited low contamination levels. The pollution load index (PLI) revealed slight (S3 site) to severe (S1, S2, S4, S5, and S6 sites) PTE pollution, with low ecological risk across all stations. Principal component analysis (PCA) followed by multiple linear regression identified three contributing sources: mixed (44.68%), industrial (41.65%), and marine vehicle exhaust (13.67%). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified four PTE sources: marine vehicle exhaust (19.95%), mixed source (47.03%), industrial activities (22.46%), and agricultural activities (10.56%). This study proposes the execution of proper steps to preserve the vulnerable mangrove forest from elemental pollution and helps policymakers formulate policy for safeguarding the world heritage site.</p>

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Receptor modeling and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in mud soils from the tourism-intensive Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • M. A. Salam,
  • I. Akter,
  • M. S. Islam,
  • M. Nur-E-Alam,
  • U. Dey,
  • M. A. B. Siddique,
  • M. M. Rahman,
  • M. M. Ali,
  • S. M. S. Huda,
  • H. Rahman,
  • M. R. Rahman

摘要

The Sundarbans, a critical hotspot for biodiversity, are becoming increasingly vulnerable to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution. This study examined the contamination level, distribution profile, sources, and potential ecological risks of target elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Fe, and Mn) in three depths (10, 20, and 30 cm) of mud soil samples in east forest division of Sundarbans, Bangladesh. PTE concentrations in 54 mud soil samples collected from 6 sampling stations were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The results revealed that the concentrations (mg/kg) followed the order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > Co > Cd. Zn showed moderate contamination, while the rest of the metals exhibited low contamination levels. The pollution load index (PLI) revealed slight (S3 site) to severe (S1, S2, S4, S5, and S6 sites) PTE pollution, with low ecological risk across all stations. Principal component analysis (PCA) followed by multiple linear regression identified three contributing sources: mixed (44.68%), industrial (41.65%), and marine vehicle exhaust (13.67%). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified four PTE sources: marine vehicle exhaust (19.95%), mixed source (47.03%), industrial activities (22.46%), and agricultural activities (10.56%). This study proposes the execution of proper steps to preserve the vulnerable mangrove forest from elemental pollution and helps policymakers formulate policy for safeguarding the world heritage site.