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<p>The global challenge of climate change necessitates a policy shift in China from pure environmental protection to integrated low-carbon development. In urban centers, CO₂ diffusion is often hindered by the complex-built environment, impairing carbon transfer from sources like buildings to sinks such as green spaces and reducing overall sequestration efficiency. Therefore, quantifying the influence of building layouts on CO₂ diffusion in central urban areas is crucial for fostering low-carbon communities and formulating urban planning strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study develops a methodological framework to explore how the form and layout of residential buildings in urban centers affect CO₂ dispersion. Taking Hangzhou as a case study, the spatial distribution of carbon emissions was first quantified via the IPCC inventory method. High carbon-emitting residential districts in central Hangzhou were then selected as study sites. Subsequently, a coupled WRF-HYSPLIT model was employed to simulate the trajectory paths and residence times of CO₂ diffusion under varying residential building heights, forms, and spacings. Finally, the relationship between building layout configurations and CO₂ diffusion mechanisms was examined, leading to the formulation of corresponding control measures and renewal strategies. Results indicate that: (1) building heights exceeding 36&#xa0;m significantly obstruct CO₂ diffusion, with no further increase in hindrance beyond 80&#xa0;m; (2) point-type buildings facilitate better diffusion than slab-type forms, with 36&#xa0;m and 80&#xa0;m point-type structures outperforming those at 54&#xa0;m; and (3) under similar floor area ratios, high-rise layouts with larger building spacings demonstrated superior CO₂ diffusion compared to low-rise, closely spaced arrangements. This study offers empirical insights for optimizing residential building layouts to enhance urban carbon diffusion efficiency, contributing to China’s “Dual Carbon” strategy in urban design and renewal.</p>

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Developing low-carbon communities: optimizing residential building layouts in urban centers from the perspective of carbon diffusion impacts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • M. Feng,
  • S.-x. Sun,
  • Y.-j. Shi,
  • L.-h. Xu

摘要

The global challenge of climate change necessitates a policy shift in China from pure environmental protection to integrated low-carbon development. In urban centers, CO₂ diffusion is often hindered by the complex-built environment, impairing carbon transfer from sources like buildings to sinks such as green spaces and reducing overall sequestration efficiency. Therefore, quantifying the influence of building layouts on CO₂ diffusion in central urban areas is crucial for fostering low-carbon communities and formulating urban planning strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study develops a methodological framework to explore how the form and layout of residential buildings in urban centers affect CO₂ dispersion. Taking Hangzhou as a case study, the spatial distribution of carbon emissions was first quantified via the IPCC inventory method. High carbon-emitting residential districts in central Hangzhou were then selected as study sites. Subsequently, a coupled WRF-HYSPLIT model was employed to simulate the trajectory paths and residence times of CO₂ diffusion under varying residential building heights, forms, and spacings. Finally, the relationship between building layout configurations and CO₂ diffusion mechanisms was examined, leading to the formulation of corresponding control measures and renewal strategies. Results indicate that: (1) building heights exceeding 36 m significantly obstruct CO₂ diffusion, with no further increase in hindrance beyond 80 m; (2) point-type buildings facilitate better diffusion than slab-type forms, with 36 m and 80 m point-type structures outperforming those at 54 m; and (3) under similar floor area ratios, high-rise layouts with larger building spacings demonstrated superior CO₂ diffusion compared to low-rise, closely spaced arrangements. This study offers empirical insights for optimizing residential building layouts to enhance urban carbon diffusion efficiency, contributing to China’s “Dual Carbon” strategy in urban design and renewal.