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<p>Cyanobacteria, particularly Nostoc muscorum, are promising candidates for the sustainable production of high-value bio-based compounds such as phycobiliproteins and polyhydroxybutyrate. Phycobiliproteins are water-soluble fluorescent pigments with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnology sectors. Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polyester considered an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics due to its biocompatibility. This study used a Definitive Screening Design experimental method to examine the influence of various environmental and nutritional factors across 14 cultivation runs, including nitrate and phosphate concentrations, salinity, carbon sources (glucose and acetate), and light/dark cycles. Outcomes evaluated were chlorophyll content (growth indicator), phycobiliprotein yield, and polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation in Nostoc sp. The highest chlorophyll content (5.02 ± 0.55&#xa0;μg/mgdw) and phycobiliprotein yield (69.59 ± 2.03&#xa0;μg/mgdw) occurred in Run 8 under high nitrate (1000&#xa0;mg/L), high phosphate (40&#xa0;mg/L), moderate salinity (0.5%), low glucose (0.25%), no acetate, and a 16:8 light/dark cycle. Maximum polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation (48.34 ± 4.9% w/w of dry cell weight) was observed in Run 12 under nitrogen and phosphorus starvation, low salinity (0.5%), moderate glucose (0.5%), low acetate (0.5%), and the same light/dark cycle. These results reveal a condition-responsive metabolic shift in N. muscorum. Favorable cultivation conditions enhance chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein biosynthesis via photosynthetic activity, whereas stress promotes polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation for carbon and energy storage. This dual optimization strategy offers a practical, eco-friendly route for the simultaneous production of high-value pigments and bioplastics from a single microbial platform,&#xa0;advancing integrated cyanobacterial bioprocessing.</p>

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Experimental optimization of phycobiliproteins and polyhydroxybutyrate production from Nostoc muscorum toward sustainable bioprocessing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • A. H. A. Zadeh,
  • M. A. Nematollahi,
  • N. Soltani,
  • S. V. Hosseini,
  • S. S. M. Farajzadeh

摘要

Cyanobacteria, particularly Nostoc muscorum, are promising candidates for the sustainable production of high-value bio-based compounds such as phycobiliproteins and polyhydroxybutyrate. Phycobiliproteins are water-soluble fluorescent pigments with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnology sectors. Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polyester considered an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics due to its biocompatibility. This study used a Definitive Screening Design experimental method to examine the influence of various environmental and nutritional factors across 14 cultivation runs, including nitrate and phosphate concentrations, salinity, carbon sources (glucose and acetate), and light/dark cycles. Outcomes evaluated were chlorophyll content (growth indicator), phycobiliprotein yield, and polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation in Nostoc sp. The highest chlorophyll content (5.02 ± 0.55 μg/mgdw) and phycobiliprotein yield (69.59 ± 2.03 μg/mgdw) occurred in Run 8 under high nitrate (1000 mg/L), high phosphate (40 mg/L), moderate salinity (0.5%), low glucose (0.25%), no acetate, and a 16:8 light/dark cycle. Maximum polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation (48.34 ± 4.9% w/w of dry cell weight) was observed in Run 12 under nitrogen and phosphorus starvation, low salinity (0.5%), moderate glucose (0.5%), low acetate (0.5%), and the same light/dark cycle. These results reveal a condition-responsive metabolic shift in N. muscorum. Favorable cultivation conditions enhance chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein biosynthesis via photosynthetic activity, whereas stress promotes polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation for carbon and energy storage. This dual optimization strategy offers a practical, eco-friendly route for the simultaneous production of high-value pigments and bioplastics from a single microbial platform, advancing integrated cyanobacterial bioprocessing.