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<p>Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals due to its availability and wide range of medical properties. High utilization is associated with the presence of the drug in aquatic ecosystems, raising concerns about potential environmental effects. This research assesses the influence of ibuprofen on the common aquatic macrophyte <i>Lemna minor</i>. The study was conducted for seven concentrations of ibuprofen: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400&#xa0;mg/L. The duration of the experiment was 21&#xa0;days for the lower concentrations (5–20&#xa0;mg/L) and 15&#xa0;days for the higher concentrations (50–200&#xa0;mg/L). To determine the toxicity of IBU, changes in weight gain, chlorophyll a and b content, and alterations in plant appearance were analyzed. Exposure to very high concentrations (≥ 100&#xa0;mg/L) resulted in plant necrosis. Lower concentrations caused a significant reductions in fresh weight of 20% (5&#xa0;mg/L), 36% (10&#xa0;mg/L) and 16% (20&#xa0;mg/L) after two weeks of exposure. Analysis of the results of the chlorophyll content of the plants showed a notable decrease in all IBU-treated groups as exposition time increased. Microscopic images showed signs of alterations suggesting the possibility of chlorosis and necrosis even under the low level of IBU. However, some results suggest that <i>Lemna minor</i> may show an adaptation to small amounts of IBU. These observations provide a basis for further research on the tolerance mechanisms and on the potential of <i>Lemna minor</i> for the phytoremediation of waters contaminated with pharmaceuticals.</p>

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Ibuprofen surface waters contamination: phytotoxic effects on the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • H. Kornacka,
  • M. Sitarska,
  • M. Wolf-Baca

摘要

Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals due to its availability and wide range of medical properties. High utilization is associated with the presence of the drug in aquatic ecosystems, raising concerns about potential environmental effects. This research assesses the influence of ibuprofen on the common aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. The study was conducted for seven concentrations of ibuprofen: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L. The duration of the experiment was 21 days for the lower concentrations (5–20 mg/L) and 15 days for the higher concentrations (50–200 mg/L). To determine the toxicity of IBU, changes in weight gain, chlorophyll a and b content, and alterations in plant appearance were analyzed. Exposure to very high concentrations (≥ 100 mg/L) resulted in plant necrosis. Lower concentrations caused a significant reductions in fresh weight of 20% (5 mg/L), 36% (10 mg/L) and 16% (20 mg/L) after two weeks of exposure. Analysis of the results of the chlorophyll content of the plants showed a notable decrease in all IBU-treated groups as exposition time increased. Microscopic images showed signs of alterations suggesting the possibility of chlorosis and necrosis even under the low level of IBU. However, some results suggest that Lemna minor may show an adaptation to small amounts of IBU. These observations provide a basis for further research on the tolerance mechanisms and on the potential of Lemna minor for the phytoremediation of waters contaminated with pharmaceuticals.