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<p>Plastic waste has been a critical environmental concern because of its strong resistance to natural degradation. In this study, a sustainable myco-nanocatalytic approach was developed for plastic waste degradation using <i>Al</i><sub><i>2</i></sub><i>O</i><sub><i>3</i></sub><i> nanoconjugates mediated by Ganoderma lucidum extract</i>. The bioactive compounds from <i>G. lucidum</i> were extracted under optimized conditions. Among the four methods of NCs synthesis, the solvent-mediated synthesis route produced stable NCs than conventional wet chemical methods. Surface Plasmon Resonance confirmed the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs at 325&#xa0;nm<b>.</b> Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that fungal phytochemicals acted as stabilizing agents, with characteristic Al–O lattice vibrations observed between 1363 and 1143&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>. X-Ray diffraction peaks at 43.74° and 48.86° indicated crystalline α- and γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phases. Scanning electron microscopy showed uniform aggregates, verifying nanoscale morphology. The catalytic efficacy of the GL-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs in degrading raw plastic waste was demonstrated across three different environmental samples. Among them, the manhole sample exhibited the most effective degradation, evidenced by significant UV–Vis absorption decrease from 0.468/0.268 (control) to 0.083/0.087 (GL-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs) at 340 and 290&#xa0;nm, respectively. Cantt. and Mochi Bagh Drain samples followed a similar trend, though slightly lower as compared to the Manhole sample. The metallurgical microscopic outcomes showed surface disruptions across all three samples, which further supported the degradation potential of GL-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs. The study demonstrated an economical, environment friendly, and highly effective approach for plastic degradation under mild conditions using a fungal extract-mediated Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs, showing clear surface deterioration and highlighting NCs' potential for sustainable waste management.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A myco-nano-catalytic strategy for plastic waste degradation: biofunctionalized Al2O3 nanoconjugates with Ganoderma lucidum extracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • A. Bilal,
  • S. Ali,
  • M. U. Ahmad,
  • M. Arshad

摘要

Plastic waste has been a critical environmental concern because of its strong resistance to natural degradation. In this study, a sustainable myco-nanocatalytic approach was developed for plastic waste degradation using Al2O3 nanoconjugates mediated by Ganoderma lucidum extract. The bioactive compounds from G. lucidum were extracted under optimized conditions. Among the four methods of NCs synthesis, the solvent-mediated synthesis route produced stable NCs than conventional wet chemical methods. Surface Plasmon Resonance confirmed the formation of Al2O3 NCs at 325 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that fungal phytochemicals acted as stabilizing agents, with characteristic Al–O lattice vibrations observed between 1363 and 1143 cm−1. X-Ray diffraction peaks at 43.74° and 48.86° indicated crystalline α- and γ-Al2O3 phases. Scanning electron microscopy showed uniform aggregates, verifying nanoscale morphology. The catalytic efficacy of the GL-Al2O3 NCs in degrading raw plastic waste was demonstrated across three different environmental samples. Among them, the manhole sample exhibited the most effective degradation, evidenced by significant UV–Vis absorption decrease from 0.468/0.268 (control) to 0.083/0.087 (GL-Al2O3 NCs) at 340 and 290 nm, respectively. Cantt. and Mochi Bagh Drain samples followed a similar trend, though slightly lower as compared to the Manhole sample. The metallurgical microscopic outcomes showed surface disruptions across all three samples, which further supported the degradation potential of GL-Al2O3 NCs. The study demonstrated an economical, environment friendly, and highly effective approach for plastic degradation under mild conditions using a fungal extract-mediated Al2O3 NCs, showing clear surface deterioration and highlighting NCs' potential for sustainable waste management.

Graphical abstract