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<p>In this study, the photocatalytic removal of acetamiprid (ACE) was investigated using ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped ZnO photocatalysts. The effects of different light sources (simulated solar light, UV-A, and UV-C) were evaluated, with the highest performance obtained under UV-C light. Parameters affecting the photocatalytic process, such as pH, catalyst amount, and initial concentration, were examined, and the optimum catalyst amount was determined to be 1&#xa0;g/L. Kinetic analyses showed that the degradation rate of ACE followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. HPLC analyses revealed that ACE was completely degraded (100% removal) after 120&#xa0;min of reaction; however, UV spectrophotometer analyses identified a removal efficiency of 79% for ZnO and 71% for TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped ZnO, due to the presence of intermediate products. LC–MS/MS analyses identified the intermediate products formed during the photocatalytic degradation process of ACE, confirming effective mineralization. The findings demonstrate that ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub>-doped ZnO are effective photocatalysts for the removal of ACE and hold significant potential for environmentally sustainable treatment technologies. </p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Photocatalytic removal of acetamiprid using ZnO and TiO2-doped ZnO: kinetic and degradation pathway analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • E. S. Eroğlu,
  • M. B. Akın,
  • G. D. Değermenci

摘要

In this study, the photocatalytic removal of acetamiprid (ACE) was investigated using ZnO and TiO2-doped ZnO photocatalysts. The effects of different light sources (simulated solar light, UV-A, and UV-C) were evaluated, with the highest performance obtained under UV-C light. Parameters affecting the photocatalytic process, such as pH, catalyst amount, and initial concentration, were examined, and the optimum catalyst amount was determined to be 1 g/L. Kinetic analyses showed that the degradation rate of ACE followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. HPLC analyses revealed that ACE was completely degraded (100% removal) after 120 min of reaction; however, UV spectrophotometer analyses identified a removal efficiency of 79% for ZnO and 71% for TiO2-doped ZnO, due to the presence of intermediate products. LC–MS/MS analyses identified the intermediate products formed during the photocatalytic degradation process of ACE, confirming effective mineralization. The findings demonstrate that ZnO and TiO2-doped ZnO are effective photocatalysts for the removal of ACE and hold significant potential for environmentally sustainable treatment technologies.

Graphical abstract