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<p>The urban heat island effect, a consequence of rapid urbanization and climate change, threatens urban energy systems, public health, and sustainable development. Mobile observation technology, characterized by high spatiotemporal resolution enabled by well-designed observation networks and inherent flexibility, has become essential for overcoming the limitations of fixed meteorological stations and remote sensing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this study synthesizes 109 publications from four core databases—Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Springer—to trace the century-long evolution of mobile observation from theoretical, methodological, and practical dimensions. Theoretically, advances in algorithms and models have facilitated a shift from descriptive analysis of urban heat island effect phenomena to mechanistic exploration of their formation. Methodologically, observation platforms have evolved from pedestrian and bicycle-based systems to drones, wearables, and multi-platform integrated networks; measured parameters have expanded from air temperature to humidity, wind speed, pollutants, and surface characteristics, with measurement precision improved from ± 0.5 to ± 0.1&#xa0;°C. In practice, applications now extend to street canyons and are increasingly integrated with information systems for end-to-end data management and simulation-driven decision-making. Challenges remain in standardization, error control, and equitable global monitoring capacity. Future efforts should prioritize interdisciplinary integration, multi-source data synergy, model generalization, and public participation to establish more precise, equitable, and climate-resilient urban thermal governance systems, thereby enhancing urban climate resilience. By synthesizing over a century of innovation, this review provides a foundational framework and scientific insights crucial for advancing urban climatology theory and guiding the development of climate-resilient cities.</p>

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Mobile observation in urban environmental monitoring: theory, methods, and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Y. Chen,
  • P. Zhu,
  • Z. Ma,
  • S. Deng,
  • Z. Wang

摘要

The urban heat island effect, a consequence of rapid urbanization and climate change, threatens urban energy systems, public health, and sustainable development. Mobile observation technology, characterized by high spatiotemporal resolution enabled by well-designed observation networks and inherent flexibility, has become essential for overcoming the limitations of fixed meteorological stations and remote sensing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this study synthesizes 109 publications from four core databases—Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Springer—to trace the century-long evolution of mobile observation from theoretical, methodological, and practical dimensions. Theoretically, advances in algorithms and models have facilitated a shift from descriptive analysis of urban heat island effect phenomena to mechanistic exploration of their formation. Methodologically, observation platforms have evolved from pedestrian and bicycle-based systems to drones, wearables, and multi-platform integrated networks; measured parameters have expanded from air temperature to humidity, wind speed, pollutants, and surface characteristics, with measurement precision improved from ± 0.5 to ± 0.1 °C. In practice, applications now extend to street canyons and are increasingly integrated with information systems for end-to-end data management and simulation-driven decision-making. Challenges remain in standardization, error control, and equitable global monitoring capacity. Future efforts should prioritize interdisciplinary integration, multi-source data synergy, model generalization, and public participation to establish more precise, equitable, and climate-resilient urban thermal governance systems, thereby enhancing urban climate resilience. By synthesizing over a century of innovation, this review provides a foundational framework and scientific insights crucial for advancing urban climatology theory and guiding the development of climate-resilient cities.