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<p>In this study, cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and manganese oxide (MnO) were employed for synthesizing hybrid oxides CoMnOx using a ball-milling technique and evaluated for congo red (CR) removal. The prepared adsorbent samples were characterized by using XRD, SEM–EDX, BET/N<sub>2</sub>, FT-IR, and XPS to determine their structural, morphological, and chemical properties. Adsorption studies were carried out to optimize the parameters of adsorbent dosage, time, pH, temperature and different water matrices. The obtained results demonstrated that CoMnOx2&#xa0;exhibited the highest adsorption capacity of 218.54&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> following the Langmuir model. Kinetic studies revealed that adsorption reached equilibrium at 300&#xa0;min and was supported by the Elovich model, meaning that chemical interactions were dominant. Adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous at low temperatures. Despite the presence of anions and cations in the water medium, it showed effective removal. CoMnOx2 maintained stable performance for five cycles and also performed well in removing different pollutants.</p>

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Adsorptive performance of cobalt/manganese oxide modulation via mechanochemical synthesis route on toxic congo red removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • M. Buğdaycı,
  • N. Kanmaz,
  • P. Demircivi,
  • S. Baslayici

摘要

In this study, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and manganese oxide (MnO) were employed for synthesizing hybrid oxides CoMnOx using a ball-milling technique and evaluated for congo red (CR) removal. The prepared adsorbent samples were characterized by using XRD, SEM–EDX, BET/N2, FT-IR, and XPS to determine their structural, morphological, and chemical properties. Adsorption studies were carried out to optimize the parameters of adsorbent dosage, time, pH, temperature and different water matrices. The obtained results demonstrated that CoMnOx2 exhibited the highest adsorption capacity of 218.54 mg g−1 following the Langmuir model. Kinetic studies revealed that adsorption reached equilibrium at 300 min and was supported by the Elovich model, meaning that chemical interactions were dominant. Adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous at low temperatures. Despite the presence of anions and cations in the water medium, it showed effective removal. CoMnOx2 maintained stable performance for five cycles and also performed well in removing different pollutants.