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<p>In recent years, scientists have concentrated on techniques to modify biochar to enhance its effectiveness in the adsorption of heavy metals. Nonetheless, limited research has been conducted on the use of modified biochar in soils that are contaminated with heavy metals, with the majority of existing studies focusing on aquatic environments. In Iran, biochar has not been sufficiently recognized as an effective adsorbent for the fractionation of heavy metals in polluted soils, particularly in acidic soils. The efficiency of biochar is affected by the type of biomass used and the techniques of modification applied. There is limited research on using thiourea as a biochar modification agent. In this research, we performed a detailed incubation experiment to investigate the effects of wheat straw biochar (WB) and CH<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>S-modified wheat straw biochar (TWB) on heavy metals fractionation in soil. In comparison to the control treatment, the soluble and exchangeable fraction of Cd, Pb, and Ni in soil treated with 8% TWB decreased to 113.56, 114.61, and 116.96&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The organically–bound fraction of Cd, Pb, and Ni in the soil increased to 76.41, 80.98, and 49.61&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Also, the residual fraction of Cd, Pb, and Ni in the soil increased to 76.6, 57.95, and 51.33 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. This innovative modification effectively mitigates the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated acidic soil. Consequently, CH<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>S-modified wheat straw biochar presents itself as an effective, affordable, and environmentally friendly agent for the sustainable management of acidic soils affected by heavy metals.</p>

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Application of pristine and CH4N2S-modified wheat straw biochar for the fractionation assessment of heavy metals in soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • L. Gholami,
  • G. Rahimi

摘要

In recent years, scientists have concentrated on techniques to modify biochar to enhance its effectiveness in the adsorption of heavy metals. Nonetheless, limited research has been conducted on the use of modified biochar in soils that are contaminated with heavy metals, with the majority of existing studies focusing on aquatic environments. In Iran, biochar has not been sufficiently recognized as an effective adsorbent for the fractionation of heavy metals in polluted soils, particularly in acidic soils. The efficiency of biochar is affected by the type of biomass used and the techniques of modification applied. There is limited research on using thiourea as a biochar modification agent. In this research, we performed a detailed incubation experiment to investigate the effects of wheat straw biochar (WB) and CH4N2S-modified wheat straw biochar (TWB) on heavy metals fractionation in soil. In comparison to the control treatment, the soluble and exchangeable fraction of Cd, Pb, and Ni in soil treated with 8% TWB decreased to 113.56, 114.61, and 116.96 mg kg−1, respectively. The organically–bound fraction of Cd, Pb, and Ni in the soil increased to 76.41, 80.98, and 49.61 mg kg−1, respectively. Also, the residual fraction of Cd, Pb, and Ni in the soil increased to 76.6, 57.95, and 51.33 mg kg−1, respectively. This innovative modification effectively mitigates the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated acidic soil. Consequently, CH4N2S-modified wheat straw biochar presents itself as an effective, affordable, and environmentally friendly agent for the sustainable management of acidic soils affected by heavy metals.