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<p>Loess soil, due to mechanical weaknesses, such as low strength and high sensitivity to environmental changes, needs stabilization in order to perform better in geotechnical engineering projects. Although the traditional methods of soil stabilization are efficient, due to environmental problems, using nanomaterials with unique properties, such as high specific surface area is recognized as an innovative and effective approach. In this research, the effect of nano iron oxide in different contents and different curing times on the stabilization of loess soil has been investigated. The mechanical and shear properties of the samples were evaluated using standard Proctor compaction, indirect tensile strength (ITS), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, scanning electron microscopy and particularly ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests. This study is significant for using UPV testing as a non-destructive approach to monitor structural changes and predict soil strength. The findings indicated that incorporating nano iron oxide reduced the maximum dry density (MDD) while increasing the optimum moisture content (OMC). Furthermore, the ITS and UCS values of the sample stabilized with 1.5% nano iron oxide improved by 41% and 32%, respectively, after a curing time of 14&#xa0;days. The optimum nano iron oxide content was determined to be 1.5% to achieve maximum strength. In addition, the internal friction angle and cohesion of loess soil treated with 1.5% nano iron oxide increased by approximately 15% and 207%, respectively. Results from the UPV tests further demonstrated that this method can effectively serve as a non-destructive tool for assessing soil strength evolution over time.</p>

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Evaluating the environmental-friendly stabilization of loess soil with nano iron oxide: enhanced strength and non-destructive monitoring through UPV

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • N. Esmaeili,
  • M. Gharib,
  • S. Soleimani Kutanaei,
  • M. Banihashemi,
  • N. Ranjbar Malidarreh

摘要

Loess soil, due to mechanical weaknesses, such as low strength and high sensitivity to environmental changes, needs stabilization in order to perform better in geotechnical engineering projects. Although the traditional methods of soil stabilization are efficient, due to environmental problems, using nanomaterials with unique properties, such as high specific surface area is recognized as an innovative and effective approach. In this research, the effect of nano iron oxide in different contents and different curing times on the stabilization of loess soil has been investigated. The mechanical and shear properties of the samples were evaluated using standard Proctor compaction, indirect tensile strength (ITS), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), direct shear, scanning electron microscopy and particularly ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests. This study is significant for using UPV testing as a non-destructive approach to monitor structural changes and predict soil strength. The findings indicated that incorporating nano iron oxide reduced the maximum dry density (MDD) while increasing the optimum moisture content (OMC). Furthermore, the ITS and UCS values of the sample stabilized with 1.5% nano iron oxide improved by 41% and 32%, respectively, after a curing time of 14 days. The optimum nano iron oxide content was determined to be 1.5% to achieve maximum strength. In addition, the internal friction angle and cohesion of loess soil treated with 1.5% nano iron oxide increased by approximately 15% and 207%, respectively. Results from the UPV tests further demonstrated that this method can effectively serve as a non-destructive tool for assessing soil strength evolution over time.