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<p>The Yamuna River has faced significant challenges in recent years due to deteriorating water quality. In response, the Indian government has implemented several measures, including continuous monitoring and the planning of treatment plants, particularly along the Delhi stretch. The present study assesses river water quality by comparing in-situ observations at seven stations with both Indian and global standards. It was observed that pH fell well below the range of 6.5–8.5, while Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) consistently exceeded the 10&#xa0;mg/L limit. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) values were also high, peaking at Okhla (57&#xa0;mg/L) and Jaitpur (46.55&#xa0;mg/L), while Palla station remained within Class B and C limits (2.61&#xa0;mg/L). Dissolved Oxygen (DO), measured as a stand-alone parameter at Palla and Surghat, rarely met minimum standards. Most stations recorded faecal coliform levels exceeding permissible limits. The pollution load led to poor water quality, with the Water Quality Index (WQI) reaching three times above the maximum limit of 100. During the monsoon season, WQI showed a slight reduction but remained above prescribed standards. Additionally, remote sensing techniques were used to assess water quality, revealing chlorophyll concentrations above 63.62&#xa0;µg/L from Sentinel-2 multispectral data. The remote sensing analysis highlighted major concerns, including freshwater scarcity, high turbidity, and pollution from untreated wastewater inflows via drains. The integration of remote sensing with in-situ observations provided a more comprehensive understanding of water quality variations. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved wastewater management and stricter pollution control measures to restore the river’s health.</p>

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Reviving River Yamuna: evaluating water quality in Delhi through ground and remote sensing analysis in 2021

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • P. Joshi,
  • A. Chauhan,
  • P. Gupta,
  • Y.-A. Liou,
  • D.-P. Tran

摘要

The Yamuna River has faced significant challenges in recent years due to deteriorating water quality. In response, the Indian government has implemented several measures, including continuous monitoring and the planning of treatment plants, particularly along the Delhi stretch. The present study assesses river water quality by comparing in-situ observations at seven stations with both Indian and global standards. It was observed that pH fell well below the range of 6.5–8.5, while Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) consistently exceeded the 10 mg/L limit. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) values were also high, peaking at Okhla (57 mg/L) and Jaitpur (46.55 mg/L), while Palla station remained within Class B and C limits (2.61 mg/L). Dissolved Oxygen (DO), measured as a stand-alone parameter at Palla and Surghat, rarely met minimum standards. Most stations recorded faecal coliform levels exceeding permissible limits. The pollution load led to poor water quality, with the Water Quality Index (WQI) reaching three times above the maximum limit of 100. During the monsoon season, WQI showed a slight reduction but remained above prescribed standards. Additionally, remote sensing techniques were used to assess water quality, revealing chlorophyll concentrations above 63.62 µg/L from Sentinel-2 multispectral data. The remote sensing analysis highlighted major concerns, including freshwater scarcity, high turbidity, and pollution from untreated wastewater inflows via drains. The integration of remote sensing with in-situ observations provided a more comprehensive understanding of water quality variations. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved wastewater management and stricter pollution control measures to restore the river’s health.