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<p>The stability of surfactants bound to adsorbent surfaces is a potential limitation for the application of surfactant-modified adsorbents in water treatment. Leaching of surfactants into aquatic ecosystems poses major threats owing to their toxicity to aquatic organisms. We evaluated the leaching potential and thermal stability of clinoptilolite, a natural zeolite, after its modification with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC-MC), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB-MC), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-MC), and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMA-MC). The thermal stabilities of the surfactant-modified clinoptilolites were assessed at 5, 10, 20, and 35&#xa0;°C. The amounts of surfactants that leached into the solution varied according to the surfactant type. HDTMA-MC exhibited a higher leachability rate (28.1%) than CPC-MC (0.9%), DDAB-MC (1.4%), and TMA-MC (1.8%). The surfactant leachability from HDTMA-MC was also found to increase from 2.4 to 8.0&#xa0;mg/L as the temperature increased from 5 to 35&#xa0;°C, whereas the leachability of CPC-MC and DDAB-MC were independent of temperature. Thus, surfactants with longer carbon chains (e.g. CPC and DDAB) adsorb strongly onto the clinoptilolite surface, leading to low leachability and excellent thermal stability, which are suitable adsorbent characteristics for protecting aquatic life. Our findings underscore specific characteristics of CPC-MC and DDAB-MC, suggesting that these adsorbents have substantial potential for application in the removal of pollutants from aqueous media.</p>

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Leachability and thermal stability of cationic surfactants in modified clinoptilolites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • M. S. Hedayati,
  • N. R. Nicomel,
  • O. Abida,
  • B. Mohamed,
  • L. Y. Li

摘要

The stability of surfactants bound to adsorbent surfaces is a potential limitation for the application of surfactant-modified adsorbents in water treatment. Leaching of surfactants into aquatic ecosystems poses major threats owing to their toxicity to aquatic organisms. We evaluated the leaching potential and thermal stability of clinoptilolite, a natural zeolite, after its modification with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC-MC), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB-MC), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-MC), and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMA-MC). The thermal stabilities of the surfactant-modified clinoptilolites were assessed at 5, 10, 20, and 35 °C. The amounts of surfactants that leached into the solution varied according to the surfactant type. HDTMA-MC exhibited a higher leachability rate (28.1%) than CPC-MC (0.9%), DDAB-MC (1.4%), and TMA-MC (1.8%). The surfactant leachability from HDTMA-MC was also found to increase from 2.4 to 8.0 mg/L as the temperature increased from 5 to 35 °C, whereas the leachability of CPC-MC and DDAB-MC were independent of temperature. Thus, surfactants with longer carbon chains (e.g. CPC and DDAB) adsorb strongly onto the clinoptilolite surface, leading to low leachability and excellent thermal stability, which are suitable adsorbent characteristics for protecting aquatic life. Our findings underscore specific characteristics of CPC-MC and DDAB-MC, suggesting that these adsorbents have substantial potential for application in the removal of pollutants from aqueous media.