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<p>Toxic metal contamination in coastal areas caused by industrial, mining, and domestic activities poses serious ecological and health risks. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of <i>Rhizophora mucronata</i> to absorb and accumulate toxic metals including cadmium, lead, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, nickel, and cobalt across five coastal sites in Makassar City, Indonesia. Triplicate samples of water, sediment, and plant tissues (roots, branches, and leaves) were collected and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The capacity of the species was assessed using the Bioconcentration Factor and Translocation Factor to determine phytoremediation mechanisms. The results showed that <i>R. mucronata</i> predominantly employed phytostabilization for cadmium, lead, chromium, iron, manganese, and zinc, with the highest accumulation observed for iron, cadmium, and manganese. Nickel exhibited a rhizofiltration pattern, while cobalt followed a phytoextraction mechanism. Overall, the species demonstrated strong potential as a natural barrier against toxic metals, especially for stabilizing cadmium and lead in sediments and translocating nickel and cobalt under certain conditions. These findings emphasize the ecological and strategic role of <i>R. mucronata</i> in mitigating toxic metal contamination. By reducing metal mobility and bioavailability, the species lowers ecological risks while serving as a cost-effective, nature-based tool for pollution control and coastal restoration. Its capacity to stabilize hazardous elements and selectively translocate essential ones makes it highly valuable for rehabilitating degraded coastal areas and directly contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 14 on marine conservation.</p>

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Bangko plant (Rhizophora mucronata) as a nature-based solution for coastal toxic metal pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • M. Al Mustawa,
  • P. Taba,
  • B. Musa,
  • R. Mardiyanti

摘要

Toxic metal contamination in coastal areas caused by industrial, mining, and domestic activities poses serious ecological and health risks. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of Rhizophora mucronata to absorb and accumulate toxic metals including cadmium, lead, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, nickel, and cobalt across five coastal sites in Makassar City, Indonesia. Triplicate samples of water, sediment, and plant tissues (roots, branches, and leaves) were collected and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The capacity of the species was assessed using the Bioconcentration Factor and Translocation Factor to determine phytoremediation mechanisms. The results showed that R. mucronata predominantly employed phytostabilization for cadmium, lead, chromium, iron, manganese, and zinc, with the highest accumulation observed for iron, cadmium, and manganese. Nickel exhibited a rhizofiltration pattern, while cobalt followed a phytoextraction mechanism. Overall, the species demonstrated strong potential as a natural barrier against toxic metals, especially for stabilizing cadmium and lead in sediments and translocating nickel and cobalt under certain conditions. These findings emphasize the ecological and strategic role of R. mucronata in mitigating toxic metal contamination. By reducing metal mobility and bioavailability, the species lowers ecological risks while serving as a cost-effective, nature-based tool for pollution control and coastal restoration. Its capacity to stabilize hazardous elements and selectively translocate essential ones makes it highly valuable for rehabilitating degraded coastal areas and directly contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 14 on marine conservation.