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<p>Forest hot springs host thermophilic microbes that degrade can lignocellulose, a major plant biopolymer. The thermostable enzymes they produce are valuable for biofuel production and industrial biocatalysis due to their high efficiency, heat resistance, and low contamination risk. This study presents the first metagenomic exploration of the Borpung Hot Spring, a mesothermal (43–47ºC), mildly acidic (pH 5–6) geothermal site in a forested region of Assam, India. Continuous input of plant litter creates a lignocellulose-rich environment, supporting specialized thermophilic, lignocellulytic microbes distinct from those in well-characterized hyperthermal or alkaline springs. 16S rRNA sequencing identified dominant phyla including <i>Chloroflexota</i>, <i>Pseudomonadota</i>, <i>Actinomycetota</i>, <i>Bacteroidota</i>, <i>Bacillota</i>, <i>Cyanobacteriota</i>, and <i>Euryarchaeota</i>. Taxa like <i>Anaerolinea</i>, <i>Novosphingobium</i>, <i>Acidobacteria bacterium</i> LX128, and <i>Syntrophorhabdus</i> harbour genes degrading cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin aromatics. Methanogenic archaea (<i>Methanosaeta</i>, <i>Methanobacterium</i>, <i>Methanolinea</i>, <i>Methanosarcina</i>) support syntrophic polysaccharide degradation by mediating hydrogen turnover and maintaining fermentation efficiency. Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Pearson correlations revealed geochemical factors (Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>) significantly influence microbial composition, with <i>Cyanobacteriota</i> and <i>Euryarchaeota</i> showing positive associations with Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup>, highlighting novel microbe–mineral interactions in Indian geothermal systems. Approximately 49% of the sequences were unclassified or uncultured, positioning Borpung as a reservoir of microbial “dark matter” with significant biotechnological potential. The presence of thermophiles producing lignocellulytic thermozymes makes this spring a valuable source of thermostable enzymes for industrial biocatalysis, biofuel production, and waste valorization. Future studies should employ shotgun metagenomics and enzyme assays to characterize functional genes and validate the bioenergy potential.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Diving into borpung hot spring: microbial diversity, sediment characteristics, and potential for lignocellulolytic thermozymes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • J. L. H. Boruah,
  • B. Borah,
  • A. Yadav,
  • P. Gogoi,
  • P. Dutta,
  • M. Goswami,
  • A. Dasgupta,
  • P. Gogoi,
  • R. K. Sarma,
  • R. Debnath,
  • J. Saikia,
  • R. Saikia

摘要

Forest hot springs host thermophilic microbes that degrade can lignocellulose, a major plant biopolymer. The thermostable enzymes they produce are valuable for biofuel production and industrial biocatalysis due to their high efficiency, heat resistance, and low contamination risk. This study presents the first metagenomic exploration of the Borpung Hot Spring, a mesothermal (43–47ºC), mildly acidic (pH 5–6) geothermal site in a forested region of Assam, India. Continuous input of plant litter creates a lignocellulose-rich environment, supporting specialized thermophilic, lignocellulytic microbes distinct from those in well-characterized hyperthermal or alkaline springs. 16S rRNA sequencing identified dominant phyla including Chloroflexota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, Cyanobacteriota, and Euryarchaeota. Taxa like Anaerolinea, Novosphingobium, Acidobacteria bacterium LX128, and Syntrophorhabdus harbour genes degrading cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin aromatics. Methanogenic archaea (Methanosaeta, Methanobacterium, Methanolinea, Methanosarcina) support syntrophic polysaccharide degradation by mediating hydrogen turnover and maintaining fermentation efficiency. Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Pearson correlations revealed geochemical factors (Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cl−) significantly influence microbial composition, with Cyanobacteriota and Euryarchaeota showing positive associations with Ca2+ and Zn2+, highlighting novel microbe–mineral interactions in Indian geothermal systems. Approximately 49% of the sequences were unclassified or uncultured, positioning Borpung as a reservoir of microbial “dark matter” with significant biotechnological potential. The presence of thermophiles producing lignocellulytic thermozymes makes this spring a valuable source of thermostable enzymes for industrial biocatalysis, biofuel production, and waste valorization. Future studies should employ shotgun metagenomics and enzyme assays to characterize functional genes and validate the bioenergy potential.

Graphical Abstract