<p>It has been demonstrated that <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> tree rings are highly suitable for identifying historical atmospheric pollution caused by anthropogenic lead. Annual lead pollution can be clearly tracked by analyzing samples of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> tree rings. This species covers 41% of Lithuania’s territory and dominates the country’s forested areas. Tree rings were isolated and chemically leached for analysis, and the lead isotopic ratio method was employed to assess the origin of lead found in the rings. The study found that atmospheric lead concentrations are closely linked to regional variations in anthropogenic lead emissions and historical pollution events. The collected tree ring samples spanned the period from 1912 to 2007. Data on dominant annual atmospheric lead emissions and deposition sources were obtained from literature and meteorological archives. A systematic delay of 24 ± 6 years was observed between the timing of anthropogenic lead emissions and their reflection in the tree rings. After accounting for this delay, <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> tree rings provide a reliable representation of lead emissions over time. The application of the lead isotopic ratio method enables precise identification of the lead’s origin in tree rings and offers insight into the causes of changes in lead concentrations and isotopic compositions.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>