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<p>Herein, a sustainable waste management is achieved by the effective utilization of cornstalk; a raw biomass waste produced in excess worldwide. This sustainable approach worked effectively as a cost-effective solution to cadmium ions pollution, whose high concentrations in water cause serious health and environmental issues, and limited strategies have been reported. The biochar production from cornstalk, followed by cobalt ferrite-doped magnetic biochar composite (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC) preparation by the Sol–gel method, resulted in a novel material owing to the distinct characteristics of dopants and magnetization, as well as additional porous and carbonaceous support offered by biochar, making it more affordable and available. These advantages were observed with a maximum of 91 ± 3% Cd (II) removal by CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC at 1.5 mL of adsorbate volume, pH of 6, 50 mg of dosage, and 0.5 h of shaking compared with 40% of Cd(II) removal for the original biochar material. FTIR and SEM equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM–EDX) were used to explore the structure and morphology of synthesized CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC. During the application of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC for Cd(II) removal, the impact of experimental factors was investigated, including volume, pH, contact time, dose of composite, and interfering ions. Additionally, the synthesized composite has moderate recyclability, with only 41 ± 4% reduction in Cd(II) removal after three cycles of sorption/desorption. The interference studies at WHO permitted limits of interfering ions to be conducted, and the maximum reduction of 39 ± 5% of Cd(II) removal was observed with multi-ionic solutions. The adsorption data for the synthesized composite suited well only to the Langmuir isotherm with 47 ± 5 mg/g and 2.41 mg/L of q<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>L,</sub> respectively. Our results indicate that the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@MBC has proved stronger potential against Cd(II) in aqueous solutions and can be utilized for the reduction of cadmium-related toxicities and as a low-cost and sustainable approach towards depollution.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Evaluation of cadmium remediation studies by cobalt-doped magnetic biochar composite (CoFe2O4@MBC) derived from corn stalk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月3日

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  • M. Saleem,
  • A. Rasheed,
  • F. Haider,
  • S. S. Raja

摘要

Herein, a sustainable waste management is achieved by the effective utilization of cornstalk; a raw biomass waste produced in excess worldwide. This sustainable approach worked effectively as a cost-effective solution to cadmium ions pollution, whose high concentrations in water cause serious health and environmental issues, and limited strategies have been reported. The biochar production from cornstalk, followed by cobalt ferrite-doped magnetic biochar composite (CoFe2O4@MBC) preparation by the Sol–gel method, resulted in a novel material owing to the distinct characteristics of dopants and magnetization, as well as additional porous and carbonaceous support offered by biochar, making it more affordable and available. These advantages were observed with a maximum of 91 ± 3% Cd (II) removal by CoFe2O4@MBC at 1.5 mL of adsorbate volume, pH of 6, 50 mg of dosage, and 0.5 h of shaking compared with 40% of Cd(II) removal for the original biochar material. FTIR and SEM equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM–EDX) were used to explore the structure and morphology of synthesized CoFe2O4@MBC. During the application of CoFe2O4@MBC for Cd(II) removal, the impact of experimental factors was investigated, including volume, pH, contact time, dose of composite, and interfering ions. Additionally, the synthesized composite has moderate recyclability, with only 41 ± 4% reduction in Cd(II) removal after three cycles of sorption/desorption. The interference studies at WHO permitted limits of interfering ions to be conducted, and the maximum reduction of 39 ± 5% of Cd(II) removal was observed with multi-ionic solutions. The adsorption data for the synthesized composite suited well only to the Langmuir isotherm with 47 ± 5 mg/g and 2.41 mg/L of qmax and KL, respectively. Our results indicate that the CoFe2O4@MBC has proved stronger potential against Cd(II) in aqueous solutions and can be utilized for the reduction of cadmium-related toxicities and as a low-cost and sustainable approach towards depollution.

Graphical abstract