<p>Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a significant risk factor for skin cancers, photoaging, and various skin disorders, despite the benefits of moderate sunlight, such as vitamin D synthesis and antimicrobial effects. Sunscreen science has significantly improved in providing protection against ultraviolet radiation and promoting skin health. This review summarizes the latest developments in sunscreen technology, including innovative ultraviolet filters, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and natural photoprotective ingredients. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of ultraviolet filters (both organic and inorganic), nanotechnology applications like liposomes, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles, and their impact on enhancing sunscreen efficacy, stability, and safety. The role of natural photoprotective agents, such as tannic acid and flavonoids, is explained, focusing on their UV-absorbing and antioxidant properties. The findings emphasize the growing potential of hybrid formulations combining nanotechnology and natural ingredients to provide broad-spectrum UV protection, improved biocompatibility, and environmental safety. Additionally, the review addresses emerging trends in multifunctional sunscreens that protect against not only ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B but also infrared radiation, blue light, and environmental pollutants. These advancements offer broader and more effective protection, helping to mitigate the risks of ultraviolet-induced skin damage while meeting growing demands for safer, more sustainable sunscreen formulations.</p>