<p>The management of construction and demolition waste is complex due to its heterogeneity and the large volume of residues generated. Towards an assessment of the environmental risks associated with those wastes, a comprehensive literature review examined papers that characterized construction and demolition waste leachate and identified potentially polluting components. The results highlight total chromium and sulfate as the most critical compounds, often present in concentrations above the limits established for inert waste by the Landfill Directive of the European Union. Organic compounds and heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium, which may originate from hazardous waste (e.g., treated wood), or from renovation and demolition works of industrial facilities were also detected. The release of those elements is strongly associated with the solution pH. Although the components present in construction and demolition waste tend to increase the pH of the environment, carbonation, contact with acid rain, and presence of other materials can decrease its values. Selective demolition, proper screening, and awareness of the composition and characteristics of construction and demolition waste are essential for preventing and reducing environmental risks. Furthermore, other representative methods considering specific scenarios of use and disposal of construction and demolition waste are required for enhancing a sustainable management of those wastes and their reintegration into the construction industry supply chain.</p>