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<p>A novel hydroquinone-based hyper-cross-linked polymer called PH-HCP has been produced by&#xa0;employing the Friedel-Craft process in response to this substantial need to eliminate lead metal ions and crystal violet dye from industrial effluents. Incorporating nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen into PH-HCP improves its ability to adsorb metals and dyes from wastewater. TEM and SEM analysis showed that PH-HCP has a porous surface. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of (BET) of PH-HCP was 313&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>. At the same time, the pore size distribution is from 0.1 to 160&#xa0;nm having a pore volume of 0.34&#xa0;cm<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>. In the UV spectrum, PH-HCP exhibits maximum adsorption at 200&#xa0;nm. Thermogravimetric analysis in a N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere exhibited that polymers could sustain thermal stability under 200&#xa0;°C having greater mechanical and thermal strength. The adsorption capacity of PH-HCP is assessed using real industrial wastewater samples. The study of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the synthesized PH-HCP has (P=N–P), (P–O–C), and (P=N–P) groups which promote the uptake of metal and dye. By Studying the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms, outcomes indicate that the Freundlich model fits the Crystal Violet dye the best (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99578), In contrast, the Langmuir model fits the lead metal ion the best (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97829). The study of adsorption kinetics demonstrates that it fits the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.989039 for crystal violet dye and 0.9983 for lead metal. PH-HCP can be recycled up to the 10th cycle with a minimal decrease in adsorption capacity (92–73%).</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dual functionalized hydroquinone based microporous hyper-cross-linked polymers for efficient heavy metal and dye sequestration from wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月23日

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  • F. Ashraf,
  • R. Khalid,
  • A. Ashraf,
  • I. Areej,
  • S. Raza,
  • T. Masood,
  • A. Abid

摘要

A novel hydroquinone-based hyper-cross-linked polymer called PH-HCP has been produced by employing the Friedel-Craft process in response to this substantial need to eliminate lead metal ions and crystal violet dye from industrial effluents. Incorporating nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen into PH-HCP improves its ability to adsorb metals and dyes from wastewater. TEM and SEM analysis showed that PH-HCP has a porous surface. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of (BET) of PH-HCP was 313 m2 g−1. At the same time, the pore size distribution is from 0.1 to 160 nm having a pore volume of 0.34 cm3 g−1. In the UV spectrum, PH-HCP exhibits maximum adsorption at 200 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis in a N2 atmosphere exhibited that polymers could sustain thermal stability under 200 °C having greater mechanical and thermal strength. The adsorption capacity of PH-HCP is assessed using real industrial wastewater samples. The study of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the synthesized PH-HCP has (P=N–P), (P–O–C), and (P=N–P) groups which promote the uptake of metal and dye. By Studying the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms, outcomes indicate that the Freundlich model fits the Crystal Violet dye the best (R2 = 0.99578), In contrast, the Langmuir model fits the lead metal ion the best (R2 = 0.97829). The study of adsorption kinetics demonstrates that it fits the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with an R2 value of 0.989039 for crystal violet dye and 0.9983 for lead metal. PH-HCP can be recycled up to the 10th cycle with a minimal decrease in adsorption capacity (92–73%).

Graphical Abstract