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<p>Auto-mechanic activities can act as an indirect anthropogenic source of trace metals into the environment to a level that could create ecological and human health issues. In this paper, a quantitative assessment of the occurrence, distribution, source-specific environmental and health risk of trace metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, and Zn) in soil samples within auto-mechanic workshops in Akure metropolis, Nigeria were investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. The average concentration (in mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) exceeded local background values and ranked in the order of Cu (292.67 ± 107.48) &gt; Fe (281.02 ± 82.46) &gt; Zn (277.08 ± 119.67) &gt; Mn (189.28 ± 61.55) &gt; Ti (143.07 ± 59.69) &gt; Pb (138.67 ± 48.36) &gt; Cd (64.17 ± 13.74) &gt; Cr (60.48 ± 9.82) &gt; Ni (54.17 ± 18.79) &gt; Co (51.83 ± 24.76) &gt; Al (35.89 ± 11.45) &gt; Sn (8.62 ± 5.62) &gt; Se (8.12 ± 3.53) &gt; Ba (5.30 ± 3.24) &gt; As (3.57 ± 1.24) &gt; V (2.44 ± 0.98) &gt; Sr (0.96 ± 0.65) &gt; Mo (0.21 ± 0.08) &gt; Sb (0.18 ± 0.09). Correlation and principal component analysis linked major sources of pollution to anthropogenic activities. The pollution load index ranged from 3.42 to 8.20, suggesting a strongly polluted status. The ecological risk assessment of Cd, As, and Co suggests high to serious ecological risk, where Cd contributed 76–94% of the total potential ecological risks. This study suggested a multi-method approach for holistic assessment of long-term risks to trace metals. The results herein can be used for more effective planning and management of auto-mechanic operations to reduce risk exposure to trace metals.</p>

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Trace metal in soils of auto-mechanics workshops in Akure metropolis, Nigeria: assessment of environmental quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • B. A. Alabi,
  • A. O. Apata,
  • O. I. Akindumila,
  • O. J. Oloyede,
  • B. A. Obasusi,
  • N. A. Oladoja,
  • I. A. Ololade

摘要

Auto-mechanic activities can act as an indirect anthropogenic source of trace metals into the environment to a level that could create ecological and human health issues. In this paper, a quantitative assessment of the occurrence, distribution, source-specific environmental and health risk of trace metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, and Zn) in soil samples within auto-mechanic workshops in Akure metropolis, Nigeria were investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. The average concentration (in mg kg−1) exceeded local background values and ranked in the order of Cu (292.67 ± 107.48) > Fe (281.02 ± 82.46) > Zn (277.08 ± 119.67) > Mn (189.28 ± 61.55) > Ti (143.07 ± 59.69) > Pb (138.67 ± 48.36) > Cd (64.17 ± 13.74) > Cr (60.48 ± 9.82) > Ni (54.17 ± 18.79) > Co (51.83 ± 24.76) > Al (35.89 ± 11.45) > Sn (8.62 ± 5.62) > Se (8.12 ± 3.53) > Ba (5.30 ± 3.24) > As (3.57 ± 1.24) > V (2.44 ± 0.98) > Sr (0.96 ± 0.65) > Mo (0.21 ± 0.08) > Sb (0.18 ± 0.09). Correlation and principal component analysis linked major sources of pollution to anthropogenic activities. The pollution load index ranged from 3.42 to 8.20, suggesting a strongly polluted status. The ecological risk assessment of Cd, As, and Co suggests high to serious ecological risk, where Cd contributed 76–94% of the total potential ecological risks. This study suggested a multi-method approach for holistic assessment of long-term risks to trace metals. The results herein can be used for more effective planning and management of auto-mechanic operations to reduce risk exposure to trace metals.