Biorefinery approaches for converting fruit and vegetable waste into sustainable products

Fruits and vegetable waste (FVW) continues to pose a significant global challenge. Irrespective of the progress made in the waste management, there is still many avenues and diverse strategies for FVW utilization. This review consolidates recent research trends to examine the, critically assessing the effectiveness of biorefinery concepts in producing sustainable, and environmentally friendly products. The document emphasizes nascent prospects within a circular economy, including waste-to-energy transformation, enzymatic decomposition, and the creation of value-added goods. This analysis delineates significant technological and economic obstacles and suggests a comprehensive strategy to direct future research, potentially impacting policy and enhancing waste management practices. This analysis emphasizes the imperative of adopting comprehensive, technologically sophisticated, and economically feasible waste valorization techniques to promote a sustainable bio-economy.