New methodology for improved bathymetry of coastal zones based on spaceborne spectroscopy

In-situ water depth measurement is a time-consuming and expensive process for large-scale and frequent monitoring. This underscores the need for alternative methods, such as those based on satellite imagery, which can offer a more efficient and cost-effective solution. This research explores the use of PRISMA hyperspectral images for bathymetry in Nayband Bay, South Iran. The proposed method, SSIP_PSO, includes image pan-sharpening, spectral and spatial information preservation, Particle Swarm Optimization for band ratio selection, and enhanced geometric correction. Among fusion methods tested, the Gram-Schmidt Transform proved most effective for pan-sharpening. The optimal band ratio, b4/b19, improved bathymetry accuracy, reducing root mean square error from 2.291 to 1.716. SSIP_PSO outperformed traditional methods and demonstrated the importance of preserving spatial information in bathymetry.