Sound propagation simulation in the Strait of Hormuz using ROMS and RAMGEO models

The Strait of Hormuz, as a crucial link between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, exhibits complex and distinct currents that are influenced by the connection of saline waters from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. These currents contribute to the formation of seasonal eddies, influencing the deviation and dissipation of sound energy and causing notable changes in sound speed profiles in the region. This study utilized the ROMS 3D software to simulate variable circulation patterns and the development of mesoscale eddies in the Persian Gulf based on data from 2009. The simulations, conducted with a resolution of approximately 3 km and 16 layers at the sigma level, revealed a correlation between fluctuations in wind stress and variations in flows within the Strait of Hormuz. The exchange circulation induced by wind stress led to local instability and the formation of cyclonic eddies, particularly prominent in August. Following the simulations, acoustic modeling was performed using parabolic equations and the RAMGEO model. The study focused on frequencies of 100 and 500 Hz, covering a transmission range of 10 km at six stations within the Strait of Hormuz. Sound sources were strategically placed in the surface layer, thermocline layer, and homogeneous layer near the seabed. Analysis of the two-dimensional outputs of transmission loss indicated that the position of the sound source near the seabed had the most significant impact, followed by the thermocline layer and the surface layer.