Removal of carbamazepine and diclofenac by laccase-based membrane bioreactor
摘要
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are emerging contaminants in wastewater, posing significant risks to animal and human health. The utilization of enzyme-based membrane bioreactors represents an advanced treatment technology with potential applications for removing PhACs. This study focused on the enzymatic removal of two prominent PhACs, carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF), commonly detected in wastewater samples. Laccase enzymes were immobilized onto an ultrafiltration membrane that was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The immobilized laccase showed specific activity, activity recovery, and an enzyme loading of 5.97 U/cm2, 32.2%, and 31.36 mg/cm2, respectively. The prepared enzyme membrane system showed optimized removal efficiencies of 94.97% for DCF over 8 h and 23.18% for CBZ over 48 h. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the performance of immobilized enzymes on modified membranes, thereby aiding in the development of environmentally friendly treatment systems for PhACs removal.