Analysis the effects of adding Al₂O₃ and CeO₂ nanoparticles to fuel on engine emission and vibration

Among fuel-dependent criteria are engine emission reduction and performance improvement, which have recently been achieved by adding nanomaterials to automotive fuels. In this study the effects of adding aluminum oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles at four mass percentages [0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5% (w/w)] to gasoline on engine emissions and vibrations at three speeds (1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 2500 rpm) was studied at Islamic Azad university of Kermanshah in 2021. Four air pollution parameters (HC, CO, O₂, and lambda) and engine vibration levels for two different types of nano-additives were also analyzed. Furthermore, exhaust gases were analyzed to measure engine emission parameters; and engine vibrations were analyzed by recording vibration signals during engine operation and calculating vibration acceleration from each. The analysis indicated that nano-additives reduced CO and HC content and increased O₂ content, but did not significantly affect lambda. Result of the exhaust gases analysis demonstrated that aluminum oxide nanoparticles outperformed cerium oxide nanoparticles in terms of engine emission reduction. It was also observed that adding both types of nanoparticles to the base fuel reduced the vibration amplitude; and higher nanoparticle concentrations reduced engine vibrations, with the aluminum oxide nanoparticles having the strongest effect. Overall, it was concluded that using aluminum nanoparticles as fuel additives can reduce engine emissions and vibrations. The results of the study indicated a significant improvement in reducing engine vibration and a clear reduction in pollutants. With the production of nano-additives based on Al₂O₃ and CeO₂, the emission level of spark ignition engines and damage to the electro-mechanical parts of the car can be reduced.