Scholarlink

<p>Almond shell was converted into three carbon based materials raw shell (RAS), pyrolyzed biochar (BAS), and activated carbon (ACAS) and comparatively examined for Pb<sup>2+</sup> removal from aqueous systems. Batch experiments identified optimal conditions at pH 5.51 and 120&#xa0;min contact time with an initial metal concentration of 300&#xa0;mg/ L. At 298 K, equilibrium capacities reached 65.35 mg/ g (RAS), 156.25 mg/ g (BAS), and 416.66 mg/ g (ACAS), revealing a pronounced enhancement after thermal conversion and especially after chemical activation. The superior performance of ACAS is associated with its highly developed porous framework and enriched surface chemistry, which intensify metal–surface interactions. Adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that Pb2+ uptake is governed primarily by surface-controlled chemical processes. Thermodynamic evaluation showed a spontaneous and endothermic character, supporting favorable interaction energetics. The findings confirm that activation of almond shell substantially upgrades its adsorption efficiency, highlighting ACAS as a viable material for sustainable Pb2+ remediation.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) using raw almond shell and its derived biochar and activated carbon: preparation, characterization, and adsorption modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

查看全文
  • Mutlu Canpolat,
  • Yalçın Altunkaynak,
  • Hatice Demir Becerekli,
  • Erdal Ertaş

摘要

Almond shell was converted into three carbon based materials raw shell (RAS), pyrolyzed biochar (BAS), and activated carbon (ACAS) and comparatively examined for Pb2+ removal from aqueous systems. Batch experiments identified optimal conditions at pH 5.51 and 120 min contact time with an initial metal concentration of 300 mg/ L. At 298 K, equilibrium capacities reached 65.35 mg/ g (RAS), 156.25 mg/ g (BAS), and 416.66 mg/ g (ACAS), revealing a pronounced enhancement after thermal conversion and especially after chemical activation. The superior performance of ACAS is associated with its highly developed porous framework and enriched surface chemistry, which intensify metal–surface interactions. Adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that Pb2+ uptake is governed primarily by surface-controlled chemical processes. Thermodynamic evaluation showed a spontaneous and endothermic character, supporting favorable interaction energetics. The findings confirm that activation of almond shell substantially upgrades its adsorption efficiency, highlighting ACAS as a viable material for sustainable Pb2+ remediation.