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<p>In this study, a new sensitive spectrophotometric method for the trace level determination of ampicillin (AMP) based on its first-time complex formation with gold ions is developed. In this part, experimental conditions for determining ampicillin, including the influences of pH, ampicillin concentration, and time, were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the molar absorptivity of the complex is 0.71<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\times\:{10}^{4}\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>L mol<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> at 280&#xa0;nm, and the complex formation constant (log K<sub>f</sub>) was evaluated as 6.75 ± 0.03. Calibration graph was linear in the range of 7–35&#xa0;µg ml<sup>-1</sup> with a detection limit of 2&#xa0;µg ml<sup>-1</sup>. In the following, an analytical method based on the vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA DLLME) technique combined with the above UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was applied for preconcentration and determination of ampicillin at µg ml<sup>-1</sup> levels in various milk samples. Several essential factors affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, in the range of 0.7–17&#xa0;µg ml<sup>-1</sup>, the calibration curve was linear and the limit of detection as well as limit of quantification was found to be 0.39&#xa0;µg ml<sup>-1</sup> and 1.31&#xa0;µg ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The RSD and preconcentration factor (PF) were 4.2% and 20.</p>

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A new spectrophotometric method for determination and preconcentration of ampicillin as its gold complex coupled with a vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Asadollah Beiraghi,
  • Somayeh Asemipour

摘要

In this study, a new sensitive spectrophotometric method for the trace level determination of ampicillin (AMP) based on its first-time complex formation with gold ions is developed. In this part, experimental conditions for determining ampicillin, including the influences of pH, ampicillin concentration, and time, were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the molar absorptivity of the complex is 0.71 \(\:\times\:{10}^{4}\:\) L mol-1 cm-1 at 280 nm, and the complex formation constant (log Kf) was evaluated as 6.75 ± 0.03. Calibration graph was linear in the range of 7–35 µg ml-1 with a detection limit of 2 µg ml-1. In the following, an analytical method based on the vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA DLLME) technique combined with the above UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was applied for preconcentration and determination of ampicillin at µg ml-1 levels in various milk samples. Several essential factors affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, in the range of 0.7–17 µg ml-1, the calibration curve was linear and the limit of detection as well as limit of quantification was found to be 0.39 µg ml-1 and 1.31 µg ml-1, respectively. The RSD and preconcentration factor (PF) were 4.2% and 20.