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<p>For the first time, in this research, a new, easy, cost-effective, and efficient variation of liquid-phase microextraction named dispersive effervescent tablet-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction has been developed for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of plasticizers from eye drops. To perform the process, ammonium chloride was added to the sample placed in a conical bottom glass test tube and vortexed to dissolve. Then, a microliter volume of 1,2-dibromoethane as an extraction solvent was poured onto a piece of an effervescent tablet and the tablet was dropped into the solution. The release of CO<sub>2</sub> gas bubbles from the dissolving tablet led to the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the solution. After the tablet had completely dissolved and gas bubble release had ceased, the organic phase was settled at the bottom of the tube. Finally, an aliquot of the organic phase was injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Under optimum conditions, the limits of quantification and detection were gained at the ranges of 2.9–7.9&#xa0;µg L<sup>− 1</sup> and 0.9–2.4&#xa0;µg L<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were recorded as 4.6–7.6% for intra-day and 5.9–9.1% for inter-day precision. Extraction recovery and enrichment factor values were obtained in the ranges of 50–91% and 253–484, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of target analytes in the studied samples at µg L<sup>− 1</sup> level.</p>

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Concerns for the occurrence of plasticizers in eye drop through their extraction by effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Mir Ali Farajzadeh,
  • Ali Hoboobi,
  • Sakha Pezhhanfar,
  • Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam

摘要

For the first time, in this research, a new, easy, cost-effective, and efficient variation of liquid-phase microextraction named dispersive effervescent tablet-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction has been developed for the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of plasticizers from eye drops. To perform the process, ammonium chloride was added to the sample placed in a conical bottom glass test tube and vortexed to dissolve. Then, a microliter volume of 1,2-dibromoethane as an extraction solvent was poured onto a piece of an effervescent tablet and the tablet was dropped into the solution. The release of CO2 gas bubbles from the dissolving tablet led to the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the solution. After the tablet had completely dissolved and gas bubble release had ceased, the organic phase was settled at the bottom of the tube. Finally, an aliquot of the organic phase was injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Under optimum conditions, the limits of quantification and detection were gained at the ranges of 2.9–7.9 µg L− 1 and 0.9–2.4 µg L− 1, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were recorded as 4.6–7.6% for intra-day and 5.9–9.1% for inter-day precision. Extraction recovery and enrichment factor values were obtained in the ranges of 50–91% and 253–484, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of target analytes in the studied samples at µg L− 1 level.