Synthesis and characterization of palladium complexes derived from 4-aminoantipyridine-based Schiff base: evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties
摘要
In this work, 4-aminoantipyridine based Schiff base ligands and their novel palladium complexes were prepared and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, NMR and HRMS techniques. The spectroscopic and analytical data have revealed that the ligand: Pd(II) ratio is 1:1 for all complexes. The molar conductivity of complexes indicates that they are non-electrolytes. Besides this, X-ray crystallography has been employed to characterize the solid structures of ligand 6. The antibacterial activities of ligands and complexes against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The best results were obtained for 7 in gram positive bacteria and 9 in gram negative bacteria. In the cytotoxicity study, all of the compounds exhibited cytotoxic effects on the cancerous OUMS cells, with ligand 4 showing the lowest IC50 value. About the antioxidant properties, when tested against ascorbic acid, a standard reference, complex 8 at 1450 µM showed significantly higher antioxidant activity. Overall, the synthesized 4-aminoantipyridine-based Schiff base palladium complexes exhibit promising antioxidant activities and cytotoxic effects. Further research is needed to elucidate their mechanism of action and evaluate their in vivo efficacy and safety profiles. The synthesized compounds were optimized using the DFT method, and HOMO–LUMO and MEP analyses were performed. Their interactions with VEGFR2 and TIE-2 proteins were investigated through molecular docking, and compounds 4 and 9 stood out with strong binding energies and experimental cytotoxicity.