A novel design of berberine delivery system using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from radish peel and its interaction with human serum albumin

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年6月8日

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Samaneh Tavana,
Mohammad Saeghi,
Kiana Vahdat-Farimani,
Mohammad Javad Farhangi,
Anashid Bakhtparvar,
Mohammad Reza Saberi,
Jamshidkhan Chamani

摘要

Berberine (BR) has been recognized for centuries as a natural therapeutic agent effective against inflammation, viral and bacterial diseases, and cancer. However, its poor aqueous solubility limits cellular absorption and bioavailability. To address this challenge, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were synthesized from radish peel to serve as a carrier for BR, aiming to enhance its efficiency. Characterization of the isolated CNCs and CNCs-BR was performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Additionally, the in vitro BR release and its antioxidant activity were studied. Also, the interaction of BR-loaded CNCs with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated using various spectroscopy techniques. the spherical CNCs and CNCs-BR exhibited high colloidal stability and uniformity, with particle sizes of 26.95 nm and 39.6 nm, respectively. XRD and FT-IR analyses confirmed a reduction in amorphous structures, an increase in the hydrophilicity of the CNCs, and successful loading of BR onto the CNCs. Fluorescence studies revealed that CNCs-BR caused a quenching of HSA fluorescence emission, indicating changes in HSA behavior. An inverse correlation between binding affinity (K_SV) and temperature suggested a static quenching process during the CNCs-BR-HSA interaction. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy results indicated that CNCs-BR caused more alternations in the vicinity of Trp residues compared to Tyr. Following these interactions, the thermal stability of HSA was only slightly affected. In addition, the study showed more anti proliferation effect in CNCs-BR compered to BR. This comprehensive study highlights the potential of CNCs as efficient carriers for BR and provides valuable insights into their interactions with blood proteins.