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<p>Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) leaves, an underutilized agricultural by-product, were evaluated as a potential source of eco-friendly insecticidal compounds. This study aimed to develop a distillation-based extraction method, characterize the chemical composition of cassava leaf distillate, and assess its insecticidal efficacy, safety, and mode of action. The distillate yielded an average of 300 ppm of Hydrogen Cyanide as the bio active compound exhibiting insecticidal activity and caused rapid mortality of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> and <i>Cylas formicarius</i> within 4 and 5&#xa0;min, respectively, without leaving detectable residues. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant reduction (up to 9-fold) in mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase expression in both insect species, using 18&#xa0;S rRNA as the internal control, indicating a possible mechanism of action. The distillate was found to be safe to non-target organisms. Overall, the results demonstrate that cassava leaf distillate has strong potential as a sustainable and commercially viable biopesticide.</p>

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Hydrothermal processing of cassava leaf biowaste for biopesticide extraction and its efficacy against Rhyzopertha dominica and Cylas formicarius

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • E. R. Harish,
  • C. A. Jayaprakas,
  • L. S. Rajeswari,
  • Jithu U. Krishnan,
  • B. S. Ajitha,
  • G. Ajesh,
  • R. S. Sreerag

摘要

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves, an underutilized agricultural by-product, were evaluated as a potential source of eco-friendly insecticidal compounds. This study aimed to develop a distillation-based extraction method, characterize the chemical composition of cassava leaf distillate, and assess its insecticidal efficacy, safety, and mode of action. The distillate yielded an average of 300 ppm of Hydrogen Cyanide as the bio active compound exhibiting insecticidal activity and caused rapid mortality of Rhyzopertha dominica and Cylas formicarius within 4 and 5 min, respectively, without leaving detectable residues. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant reduction (up to 9-fold) in mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase expression in both insect species, using 18 S rRNA as the internal control, indicating a possible mechanism of action. The distillate was found to be safe to non-target organisms. Overall, the results demonstrate that cassava leaf distillate has strong potential as a sustainable and commercially viable biopesticide.