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<p>Ultrasensitive and selective detection of trace proteins in complex biological matrices remains a critical challenge for fluorescence-based biosensors. In this work, we report a zinc-terephthalate metal-organic framework (Zn-TA MOF), solvothermally synthesized using ZnO nanoparticles as the metal precursor, used as a “turn-on” fluorescent probe for femtomolar detection of lysozyme. The Zn-TA MOF exhibits strong intrinsic photoluminescence under excitation at 280&#xa0;nm, with an emission maximum centered at approximately 380&#xa0;nm. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, UV-Vis, photoluminescence spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD confirms the formation of a uniform, crystalline, and structurally stable framework. Upon interaction of lysozyme with the Zn-TA MOF, a pronounced fluorescence “turn-on” response arises from coordination interactions between surface Zn²⁺ sites and electron-donating residues of the protein, which limit fibril-associated conformational rearrangements and promote radiative emission. This sensing mechanism enables ultrasensitive lysozyme detection over a wide linear range from 62.5 fM to 8.3 pM, with an exceptional limit of detection of 5.7 fM. High selectivity is demonstrated against common potential interferents, including hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, cytochrome C, and glucose, with negligible cross-reactivity. The assay’s practical applicability was validated by accurate quantification of inherent lysozyme in egg white, with recoveries approaching quantitative accuracy. Overall, this study establishes Zn-TA as a robust, biocompatible, and highly sensitive MOF-based fluorescent sensor, highlighting its potential for food analysis, biomedical diagnostics, and trace protein detection.</p>

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Femtomolar detection of lysozyme protein using zinc oxide nanoparticles-based metal-organic framework: application to egg white sample analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Ali Mokari,
  • Abdollah Salimi

摘要

Ultrasensitive and selective detection of trace proteins in complex biological matrices remains a critical challenge for fluorescence-based biosensors. In this work, we report a zinc-terephthalate metal-organic framework (Zn-TA MOF), solvothermally synthesized using ZnO nanoparticles as the metal precursor, used as a “turn-on” fluorescent probe for femtomolar detection of lysozyme. The Zn-TA MOF exhibits strong intrinsic photoluminescence under excitation at 280 nm, with an emission maximum centered at approximately 380 nm. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, UV-Vis, photoluminescence spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD confirms the formation of a uniform, crystalline, and structurally stable framework. Upon interaction of lysozyme with the Zn-TA MOF, a pronounced fluorescence “turn-on” response arises from coordination interactions between surface Zn²⁺ sites and electron-donating residues of the protein, which limit fibril-associated conformational rearrangements and promote radiative emission. This sensing mechanism enables ultrasensitive lysozyme detection over a wide linear range from 62.5 fM to 8.3 pM, with an exceptional limit of detection of 5.7 fM. High selectivity is demonstrated against common potential interferents, including hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, cytochrome C, and glucose, with negligible cross-reactivity. The assay’s practical applicability was validated by accurate quantification of inherent lysozyme in egg white, with recoveries approaching quantitative accuracy. Overall, this study establishes Zn-TA as a robust, biocompatible, and highly sensitive MOF-based fluorescent sensor, highlighting its potential for food analysis, biomedical diagnostics, and trace protein detection.