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<p>Pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives are among the important components in drug design thanks to their nitrogen-containing heterocyclic structures. These molecules play active roles in different biological systems and offer versatile pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. In this review, we analyzed the literature on the syntheses, reactions, and practical applications of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives from 2014 to 2024. It also provides a detailed discussion on the importance of various catalysts and the role of ring substitutions using different electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents. Short reaction times, catalyst reusability, solvent-free conditions, and excellent yields are some of the advantages of certain synthetic approaches. Advances in synthetic methods between 2014 and 2024 significantly increased the strategic importance of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives in drug discovery and development processes, enabling more efficient, selective, and environmentally sustainable methods to obtain these compounds and contributing to the development of innovative applications in pharmaceutical chemistry.</p>

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Synthesis and reactions of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives: developments of the last 10 years

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Gönül Bükülmez,
  • Rahmi Kasımoğulları

摘要

Pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives are among the important components in drug design thanks to their nitrogen-containing heterocyclic structures. These molecules play active roles in different biological systems and offer versatile pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. In this review, we analyzed the literature on the syntheses, reactions, and practical applications of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives from 2014 to 2024. It also provides a detailed discussion on the importance of various catalysts and the role of ring substitutions using different electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents. Short reaction times, catalyst reusability, solvent-free conditions, and excellent yields are some of the advantages of certain synthetic approaches. Advances in synthetic methods between 2014 and 2024 significantly increased the strategic importance of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives in drug discovery and development processes, enabling more efficient, selective, and environmentally sustainable methods to obtain these compounds and contributing to the development of innovative applications in pharmaceutical chemistry.