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<p>Addressing the critical need for mass-efficient safety structures in transportation, this work introduces a novel class of 3D-printed lightweight metamaterials engineered for automotive seat frames. Through a synergistic experimental and computational approach, this study establishes a comprehensive design framework that links unit-cell geometry specifically thickness and width, to macroscopic performance. The metamaterial exhibits a highly tunable stiffness (141–147&#xa0;N/mm) and peak load (24–305&#xa0;N), enabling customized structural support. Its most distinguishing feature is an exceptional specific energy absorption (SEA) capacity, reaching 2200&#xa0;mJ/g, which stems from a controlled auxetic collapse mechanism characterized by the predictable evolution of soft-mode instabilities. The force-displacement response demonstrates a nonlinear regime with progressive stiffness degradation following initial linear elasticity, a behavior sometimes described in the literature as reverse hardening. Finite element analysis, validated within 4% of experimental results, reveals that geometric parameters directly govern the Poisson’s ratio (from − 1.0 to − 1.33) and the critical transition from local to global buckling. Beyond its mechanical advantages, the proposed reversible-hardening auxetic architecture presents a promising replacement for conventional solid epoxy core tubes in high-voltage RIP transformer and wall bushings. Its three-stage compression behavior, full recoverability, and negative Poisson’s ratio enable self-tightening around the central conductor during axial loading, preventing radial gaps that can trigger partial discharge.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Finite element simulation and experimental study on the pressure deformation characteristics of reverse hardening metamaterial for high-voltage equipment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Jiao Shi,
  • Li Shuwei,
  • Long Jianhua,
  • Zhu Bo

摘要

Addressing the critical need for mass-efficient safety structures in transportation, this work introduces a novel class of 3D-printed lightweight metamaterials engineered for automotive seat frames. Through a synergistic experimental and computational approach, this study establishes a comprehensive design framework that links unit-cell geometry specifically thickness and width, to macroscopic performance. The metamaterial exhibits a highly tunable stiffness (141–147 N/mm) and peak load (24–305 N), enabling customized structural support. Its most distinguishing feature is an exceptional specific energy absorption (SEA) capacity, reaching 2200 mJ/g, which stems from a controlled auxetic collapse mechanism characterized by the predictable evolution of soft-mode instabilities. The force-displacement response demonstrates a nonlinear regime with progressive stiffness degradation following initial linear elasticity, a behavior sometimes described in the literature as reverse hardening. Finite element analysis, validated within 4% of experimental results, reveals that geometric parameters directly govern the Poisson’s ratio (from − 1.0 to − 1.33) and the critical transition from local to global buckling. Beyond its mechanical advantages, the proposed reversible-hardening auxetic architecture presents a promising replacement for conventional solid epoxy core tubes in high-voltage RIP transformer and wall bushings. Its three-stage compression behavior, full recoverability, and negative Poisson’s ratio enable self-tightening around the central conductor during axial loading, preventing radial gaps that can trigger partial discharge.

Graphical abstract