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<p>In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was employed as a nanofiller and chemically functionalized using two silane coupling agents: bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) to produce TESPT/GO, and N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (AEAPMDMS) to obtain AEAPMDMS/GO. These modified nanofillers were incorporated into an ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/styrene–butadiene rubber blend to evaluate their multifunctional reinforcing effects. Even at relatively low filler loadings, AEAPMDMS/GO delivered notable improvements in mechanical properties and solvent resistance. A clear percolation threshold was observed at 5 phr for GO-, TESPT/GO-, and AEAPMDMS/GO-filled systems, beyond which filler agglomeration diminished reinforcement efficiency. At this optimal loading, tensile strength increased by 77.48% for GO, 114.37% for TESPT/GO, and 127.26% for AEAPMDMS/GO composites. Similarly, the stress at 100% elongation rose by 23.61%, 32.64%, and 49.31%, respectively, relative to the unfilled blend. Solvent resistance, assessed via mole percent uptake in aromatic, aliphatic, and chlorinated solvents, improved progressively up to 5 phr before declining at higher concentrations. The superior performance at lower loadings is attributed to enhanced interfacial interactions provided by AEAPMDMS functionalization, which promotes uniform filler dispersion, restricts polymer chain mobility, and facilitates more efficient stress transfer, resulting in a denser and more solvent-resistant network. Overall, composites reinforced with AEAPMDMS/GO outperformed those containing pristine GO, underscoring the importance of silane functionalization in optimizing filler–matrix compatibility and reinforcement efficiency. The performance trend in tensile strength and swelling resistance followed the order: GO &lt; TESPT/GO &lt; AEAPMDMS/GO.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comparative study of EPDM/SBR rubber blend composites reinforced with graphene oxide, AEAPMDMS-modified graphene oxide, and TESPT-functionalized graphene oxide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • S. Vishvanathperumal,
  • K. Manimaran,
  • G. Sundaravadivel,
  • S. Mahalakshmi

摘要

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was employed as a nanofiller and chemically functionalized using two silane coupling agents: bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT) to produce TESPT/GO, and N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (AEAPMDMS) to obtain AEAPMDMS/GO. These modified nanofillers were incorporated into an ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/styrene–butadiene rubber blend to evaluate their multifunctional reinforcing effects. Even at relatively low filler loadings, AEAPMDMS/GO delivered notable improvements in mechanical properties and solvent resistance. A clear percolation threshold was observed at 5 phr for GO-, TESPT/GO-, and AEAPMDMS/GO-filled systems, beyond which filler agglomeration diminished reinforcement efficiency. At this optimal loading, tensile strength increased by 77.48% for GO, 114.37% for TESPT/GO, and 127.26% for AEAPMDMS/GO composites. Similarly, the stress at 100% elongation rose by 23.61%, 32.64%, and 49.31%, respectively, relative to the unfilled blend. Solvent resistance, assessed via mole percent uptake in aromatic, aliphatic, and chlorinated solvents, improved progressively up to 5 phr before declining at higher concentrations. The superior performance at lower loadings is attributed to enhanced interfacial interactions provided by AEAPMDMS functionalization, which promotes uniform filler dispersion, restricts polymer chain mobility, and facilitates more efficient stress transfer, resulting in a denser and more solvent-resistant network. Overall, composites reinforced with AEAPMDMS/GO outperformed those containing pristine GO, underscoring the importance of silane functionalization in optimizing filler–matrix compatibility and reinforcement efficiency. The performance trend in tensile strength and swelling resistance followed the order: GO < TESPT/GO < AEAPMDMS/GO.

Graphical abstract