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<p>Flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate/glass fiber (PET/GF) composites are widely used in engineering applications; however, during burning, molten PET can be transported along glass-fiber bundles by capillary action, generating a candlewick effect that sustains flaming, dripping, and cotton ignition. Here, we address this practical bottleneck via an interfacial/matrix synergistic strategy that combines a phosphorus-containing silane interface modifier (DOPO-VTS) grafted onto glass fibers with phosphorus–silicon cage flame retardants incorporated into the PET matrix (Li-Ph-POSS (P-Li) or Na-Ph-POSS (P-Na)), together with organic zinc hypophosphite (O-Zn(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (P-Zn)). The optimized synergistic system achieves a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.5% and a UL-94&#xa0;V-0 rating with suppressed dripping, while markedly reducing peak heat release rate and total heat release in cone calorimetry. SEM–EDX and TGA-IR provide mechanistic evidence that the coupled design promotes rapid formation of a compact P/Si-enriched protective char layer and a gas-phase action characterized by reduced CO and increased CO<sub>2</sub> evolution, jointly decreasing heat feedback and combustible volatiles and thereby accelerating self-extinguishment. The key innovations of this work include treating wick suppression as an explicit design target for PET/GF composites, constructing a coupled interfacial/matrix P-Si (and P-Zn) architecture via DOPO-VTS-grafted glass fibers and P-Li/P-Na in the PET matrix, and directly comparing P-Li and P-Na within an identical PET/GF platform to clarify their distinct roles. This study provides a wick-suppression-oriented guideline for designing high-safety PET/GF thermoplastic composites.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Flame retardancy improved polyethylene terephthalate resin composites via combined contribution of filler surface modification and wick-suppressed flame retardants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Xiaofei Yan,
  • Qinling Wang,
  • Shengbin Cao,
  • Zhikui Zhao,
  • Xiaosong Liu,
  • Binhua Shi,
  • Shirong Guo

摘要

Flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate/glass fiber (PET/GF) composites are widely used in engineering applications; however, during burning, molten PET can be transported along glass-fiber bundles by capillary action, generating a candlewick effect that sustains flaming, dripping, and cotton ignition. Here, we address this practical bottleneck via an interfacial/matrix synergistic strategy that combines a phosphorus-containing silane interface modifier (DOPO-VTS) grafted onto glass fibers with phosphorus–silicon cage flame retardants incorporated into the PET matrix (Li-Ph-POSS (P-Li) or Na-Ph-POSS (P-Na)), together with organic zinc hypophosphite (O-Zn(H2PO2)2 (P-Zn)). The optimized synergistic system achieves a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.5% and a UL-94 V-0 rating with suppressed dripping, while markedly reducing peak heat release rate and total heat release in cone calorimetry. SEM–EDX and TGA-IR provide mechanistic evidence that the coupled design promotes rapid formation of a compact P/Si-enriched protective char layer and a gas-phase action characterized by reduced CO and increased CO2 evolution, jointly decreasing heat feedback and combustible volatiles and thereby accelerating self-extinguishment. The key innovations of this work include treating wick suppression as an explicit design target for PET/GF composites, constructing a coupled interfacial/matrix P-Si (and P-Zn) architecture via DOPO-VTS-grafted glass fibers and P-Li/P-Na in the PET matrix, and directly comparing P-Li and P-Na within an identical PET/GF platform to clarify their distinct roles. This study provides a wick-suppression-oriented guideline for designing high-safety PET/GF thermoplastic composites.

Graphical abstract