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<p>Fouling is a serious problem during membrane application. To improve antifouling performance, we substituted tannic acid (TA) with the milder tartaric acid. This modification using synthesized TA-modified tannins (denoted as ta-f-TA) with longer molecular chains, are less susceptible to leaching. A high-throughput polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) antifouling membrane was prepared by blending it with amphiphilic polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride)-<i>graft</i>-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-<i>g</i>-PEGMA) synergistically. Compared with the pristine membranes, the modified membranes (M0-M2) had increased porosity and average pore size, reduced sponge-like structure, and progressively formed through-pores. Their hydrophilicity and filtration properties were significantly improved. The complete wetting times of the membranes were 50, 30 and 23&#xa0;s. With moderate addition of ta-f-TA (0.25–0.5&#xa0;g), the increase in hydrophilicity and roughness of the membranes had a synergistic effect on improving the antifouling performance of the membranes. Among them, membranes M1 and M2 exhibit comparable filtration performance. However, after cyclic testing, M1 maintained stable operation while M2 was ruptured due to inferior mechanical properties. Considering practical applications, M1 delivers optimal performance. Its pure water flux and sodium alginate retention rate reached 1294.61&#xa0;L/(m<sup>2</sup> h) and 88.64%, respectively. Furthermore, the M1 membrane exhibits strong tolerance, maintaining optimal filtration performance under harsh conditions such as strong acids, weak acids, weak alkalis, and high salinity.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Functionalized tannic acid/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) selective ultrafiltration membranes: excellent hydrophilicity and antifouling potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Yulan Tang,
  • Dongrui Zhou,
  • Xianyuan Sun,
  • Zesheng Sheng,
  • Diannan Huang

摘要

Fouling is a serious problem during membrane application. To improve antifouling performance, we substituted tannic acid (TA) with the milder tartaric acid. This modification using synthesized TA-modified tannins (denoted as ta-f-TA) with longer molecular chains, are less susceptible to leaching. A high-throughput polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) antifouling membrane was prepared by blending it with amphiphilic polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-g-PEGMA) synergistically. Compared with the pristine membranes, the modified membranes (M0-M2) had increased porosity and average pore size, reduced sponge-like structure, and progressively formed through-pores. Their hydrophilicity and filtration properties were significantly improved. The complete wetting times of the membranes were 50, 30 and 23 s. With moderate addition of ta-f-TA (0.25–0.5 g), the increase in hydrophilicity and roughness of the membranes had a synergistic effect on improving the antifouling performance of the membranes. Among them, membranes M1 and M2 exhibit comparable filtration performance. However, after cyclic testing, M1 maintained stable operation while M2 was ruptured due to inferior mechanical properties. Considering practical applications, M1 delivers optimal performance. Its pure water flux and sodium alginate retention rate reached 1294.61 L/(m2 h) and 88.64%, respectively. Furthermore, the M1 membrane exhibits strong tolerance, maintaining optimal filtration performance under harsh conditions such as strong acids, weak acids, weak alkalis, and high salinity.

Graphical abstract