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<p>In recent years, aluminium and copper alloys have been extensively utilized in automotive heat shield applications. However, to address limitations related to weight and thermal performance, composite materials-particularly carbon and natural fiber-reinforced composites are emerging as effective alternatives, offering superior thermal resistance and lightweight properties for advanced automotive heat shielding solutions. Using the liquid mold method, several epoxy/hardener compositions with flame retardant (FR) additives were utilized to create natural fiber composites. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and <i>Borassus flabellifer</i> fibre (BFF) were examined for their influence on the mechanical, thermal, and flammability characteristics of epoxy composites. The functional group of the composite was revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. According to data from the UL-94 vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, adding APP can improve the flame retardancy of BFF composites. The 20% APP added BFF composite has a LOI value of 29 and vertical flammability grade V-1. The thermal stability of epoxy is enhanced by adding APP and BFF at high temperatures. The APP-filled BFF composites’ tensile strength was reduced due to poor dispersion of APP in epoxy. The 20% BFF composite absorbs less water (3.04%) than other compositions due to improved fibre-matrix bonding interfacial contact. The surface morphology of the composites was examined by a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The overall result confirms BFF composite with APP is one of the better thermal stability materials for automotive heat shield applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effect of ammonium polyphosphate on Borassus flabellifer trunk particle reinforced polymer composites for automotive heat shield

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Parkunam Nagaraj,
  • Gopal Poornanandan,
  • Senthilkumar Thangarajan Sivasankaran

摘要

In recent years, aluminium and copper alloys have been extensively utilized in automotive heat shield applications. However, to address limitations related to weight and thermal performance, composite materials-particularly carbon and natural fiber-reinforced composites are emerging as effective alternatives, offering superior thermal resistance and lightweight properties for advanced automotive heat shielding solutions. Using the liquid mold method, several epoxy/hardener compositions with flame retardant (FR) additives were utilized to create natural fiber composites. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and Borassus flabellifer fibre (BFF) were examined for their influence on the mechanical, thermal, and flammability characteristics of epoxy composites. The functional group of the composite was revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. According to data from the UL-94 vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, adding APP can improve the flame retardancy of BFF composites. The 20% APP added BFF composite has a LOI value of 29 and vertical flammability grade V-1. The thermal stability of epoxy is enhanced by adding APP and BFF at high temperatures. The APP-filled BFF composites’ tensile strength was reduced due to poor dispersion of APP in epoxy. The 20% BFF composite absorbs less water (3.04%) than other compositions due to improved fibre-matrix bonding interfacial contact. The surface morphology of the composites was examined by a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The overall result confirms BFF composite with APP is one of the better thermal stability materials for automotive heat shield applications.

Graphical abstract