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<p><i>Bauhinia variegata</i> is an Indian medicinal plant used for various biological effects. It mainly contains flavonoids, which have beneficial effects like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence and limited treatment options. This study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and nephroprotective effects of <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> by combining network pharmacology with in vivo experimental study in adenine-induced CKD in rats. Network pharmacology was conducted to present active compounds present in <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> leaves and key targets involved in CKD progression. Further, molecular docking of the identified compounds was conducted using Biovia Discovery Studio software. CKD was induced using 0.3% adenine through diet for 28 days. Network pharmacology identified key bioactive compounds such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, hesperidin, and naringenin, interacting with targets such as interleukins (IL-6, IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α). In vivo study demonstrated that treatment with <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> hydroalcoholic extract and flavonoid-rich fraction improved renal function by reducing BUN, plasma creatinine, Cystatin C, and NGAL. Molecular analysis indicated the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) as well as TGF-β1 and Smad3, contributing to cellular protection. Also, the oxidative stress marker MDA was decreased and antioxidant enzymes such as GSH, catalase and SOD were increased in kidney tissue. Histological evaluation revealed a reduction in fibrosis and inflammation, highlighting structural preservation of kidney tissue. The integration of network pharmacology and in vivo experimentation confirms the potential of extract and flavonoids present in the <i>Bauhinia variegata</i> leaves in the management of CKD.</p>

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In silico and in vivo evaluation of Bauhinia variegata linn. extract and it's flavonoid-rich fraction in chronic kidney disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Pranali B. Yeram,
  • Amisha Vora,
  • Yogesh A. Kulkarni

摘要

Bauhinia variegata is an Indian medicinal plant used for various biological effects. It mainly contains flavonoids, which have beneficial effects like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence and limited treatment options. This study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and nephroprotective effects of Bauhinia variegata by combining network pharmacology with in vivo experimental study in adenine-induced CKD in rats. Network pharmacology was conducted to present active compounds present in Bauhinia variegata leaves and key targets involved in CKD progression. Further, molecular docking of the identified compounds was conducted using Biovia Discovery Studio software. CKD was induced using 0.3% adenine through diet for 28 days. Network pharmacology identified key bioactive compounds such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, hesperidin, and naringenin, interacting with targets such as interleukins (IL-6, IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α). In vivo study demonstrated that treatment with Bauhinia variegata hydroalcoholic extract and flavonoid-rich fraction improved renal function by reducing BUN, plasma creatinine, Cystatin C, and NGAL. Molecular analysis indicated the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) as well as TGF-β1 and Smad3, contributing to cellular protection. Also, the oxidative stress marker MDA was decreased and antioxidant enzymes such as GSH, catalase and SOD were increased in kidney tissue. Histological evaluation revealed a reduction in fibrosis and inflammation, highlighting structural preservation of kidney tissue. The integration of network pharmacology and in vivo experimentation confirms the potential of extract and flavonoids present in the Bauhinia variegata leaves in the management of CKD.