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<p>Myopia is a rapidly growing global public health issue characterized by excessive elongation of the eye axis and sight-threatening complications. Current therapeutic strategies are hampered by side effects and variable efficacy, highlighting the need for novel mechanism-based therapeutic interventions. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> (licorice) in myopia using an integrated network pharmacology approach, molecular docking, and protein dynamics. Bioactive compounds of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> were screened for pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness constraints, and potential targets were predicted from the compounds, which were then compared with the myopia-associated genes. A total of 210 shared targets were identified, indicating the polypharmacological nature of licorice. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified important hub genes, such as AKT1, EGFR, TNF, ESR1, and SRC, which play central roles in the regulation of ocular growth and in scleral remodeling. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed significant participation of PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Ras, and associated with the concentrations of these genes and protein requirement of the signaling related to the extracellular matrix remodelling and retinal scleral signal transmission during myopia development. Molecular docking analysis revealed the high and stable binding affinities of the major phytoconstituents of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>, particularly kanzonol U, glyzaglabrin, and glabridin, to the identified hub genes. Furthermore, normal mode analysis showed that kanzonol U provided better dynamic stabilization of AKT1 than glyzaglabrin and the reference compound quercetin. Collectively, these results offer a systems-level mechanistic justification for the anti-myopic potential of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>, and the molecular constituents within its bioactive compounds as promising multi-target candidates for future experimental validation and therapeutic development.</p>

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Molecular mechanisms and key pathways for treatment of myopia using Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice): network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Meesala Krishna Murthy

摘要

Myopia is a rapidly growing global public health issue characterized by excessive elongation of the eye axis and sight-threatening complications. Current therapeutic strategies are hampered by side effects and variable efficacy, highlighting the need for novel mechanism-based therapeutic interventions. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) in myopia using an integrated network pharmacology approach, molecular docking, and protein dynamics. Bioactive compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra were screened for pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness constraints, and potential targets were predicted from the compounds, which were then compared with the myopia-associated genes. A total of 210 shared targets were identified, indicating the polypharmacological nature of licorice. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified important hub genes, such as AKT1, EGFR, TNF, ESR1, and SRC, which play central roles in the regulation of ocular growth and in scleral remodeling. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed significant participation of PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Ras, and associated with the concentrations of these genes and protein requirement of the signaling related to the extracellular matrix remodelling and retinal scleral signal transmission during myopia development. Molecular docking analysis revealed the high and stable binding affinities of the major phytoconstituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra, particularly kanzonol U, glyzaglabrin, and glabridin, to the identified hub genes. Furthermore, normal mode analysis showed that kanzonol U provided better dynamic stabilization of AKT1 than glyzaglabrin and the reference compound quercetin. Collectively, these results offer a systems-level mechanistic justification for the anti-myopic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and the molecular constituents within its bioactive compounds as promising multi-target candidates for future experimental validation and therapeutic development.