Molecular characterization, phylogenetics, and functional analysis of doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor (DMRT) gene family in human
摘要
The present study aims to characterize the doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor (DMRT) gene family in human at the genome-wide level. A total of 8 DMRT gene family homologs were identified. Physicochemical characteristics of DMRT homologs exhibit a basic nature except for DMRT2, DMRTB11 and DMRTC1 and DMRT3. In domain and motif analysis, the gene structure for all DMRT homologs exhibited homogeneity except DMRTC1. We have identified the DMRT domain together with the DMA and DMRT5-DMB in family homologs of DM superfamily. Further, the subcellular localization of the human DMRT proteins has revealed that most of the proteins are expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Phylogenetic analysis divided the DMRT gene family homologs into three major clades along with other selected vertebrate species. Gene structure comparisons indicated that the DMRT gene family have arisen by gene duplications. We also identified 4 duplicated gene pairs, all of which were detected to be segmental duplications except DMRT3-DMRT1. The Ka/Ks test ratio revealed that these proteins were under purifying selection. Circos plot displaying gene duplication events and duplicated sections have been brought close together by the arrangement of chromosomes. Intra domain features such as active sites, binding sites, or disulfide bridges were identified using Scan PROSITE. GARD (Genetic Algorithm for Recombination Detection) discovered recombination breakpoints evidences. It was also observed that DMRT gene functions were gradually enriched for the biological processes and molecular activities. Being the first genome wide In Silico study in human, this study helps to clarify the crucial role of DMRT genes, sheds light on the evolutionary significance of gene duplications in the DM superfamily, may serve as a reference for in-depth phylogenomics and may also promote the development of novel strategies.