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Purpose of review <p>To evaluate the role of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in human obesity pathogenesis and other disease processes influenced by obesity.</p> Recent findings <p>Recent studies using established and novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess alterations in hypothalamic microarchitecture in humans support the presence of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in adults and children with obesity. Studies also identify prenatal exposure to maternal obesity or diabetes as a risk factor for hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis and increased obesity risk in offspring. Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis have been further implicated in reproductive dysfunction (specifically polycystic ovarian syndrome and male hypogonadism), cardiovascular disease namely hypertension, and alterations in the gut microbiome, and may also accelerate neurocognitive aging.</p> Summary <p>The most recent translational studies support the link between hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis and obesity pathogenesis in humans and expand our understanding of its influence on broader aspects of human health.</p>

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Update on Hypothalamic Inflammation and Gliosis: Expanding Evidence of Relevance Beyond Obesity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月8日

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  • Alyssa Huang,
  • Dabin Yeum,
  • Leticia E. Sewaybricker,
  • Sandra Aleksic,
  • Melbin Thomas,
  • Susan J. Melhorn,
  • Yumei Feng Earley,
  • Ellen A. Schur

摘要

Purpose of review

To evaluate the role of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in human obesity pathogenesis and other disease processes influenced by obesity.

Recent findings

Recent studies using established and novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess alterations in hypothalamic microarchitecture in humans support the presence of hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in adults and children with obesity. Studies also identify prenatal exposure to maternal obesity or diabetes as a risk factor for hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis and increased obesity risk in offspring. Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis have been further implicated in reproductive dysfunction (specifically polycystic ovarian syndrome and male hypogonadism), cardiovascular disease namely hypertension, and alterations in the gut microbiome, and may also accelerate neurocognitive aging.

Summary

The most recent translational studies support the link between hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis and obesity pathogenesis in humans and expand our understanding of its influence on broader aspects of human health.