Purpose of Review <p>Muscle health plays a critical role in the overall prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. This review highlights the importance of maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function during cancer treatment and in survivors. It explores the mechanisms by which cancer and its therapies affect muscle and provides evidence-based strategies for assessing, preserving, and restoring muscle health.</p> Recent Findings <p>Emerging research confirms that muscle loss is highly prevalent in patients with cancer and is associated with increased treatment toxicity, poorer survival, and reduced physical function. Advances in nutritional assessment tools, such as body composition analysis via imaging techniques (or anthropometric evaluations), allow for the early detection of muscle depletion. Recent studies support tailored nutritional interventions, especially protein optimization, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, and others as key to preserving lean mass. Multimodal approaches combining nutrition with resistance exercise have shown promising outcomes for muscle recovery post-treatment.</p> Summary <p> Preserving muscle health during cancer care is essential for improving treatment tolerance, recovery, and long-term outcomes. Comprehensive nutritional assessment should be integrated early into the cancer care continuum to improve patient outcomes. Personalized strategies that combine adequate protein intake, anti-inflammatory nutrients, and structured exercise interventions are effective in mitigating muscle loss. Ongoing research supports an interdisciplinary approach involving oncologists, registered dietitians, and physical therapists to optimize muscle preservation and enhance patient resilience throughout the cancer journey.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>