Updates in the Etiology and Management of Organizing Pneumonia
摘要
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia has been a known entity for 40 years. However, increasing numbers of secondary causes of organizing pneumonia are being recognized, including new medications and infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We review organizing pneumonia and its etiologies and treatment options.
Recent FindingsRecent case reports and series of the causes of secondary organizing pneumonia include mycobacterial and COVID-19 infections, numerous autoimmune conditions, and cancer treatment modalities, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and radiation. In addition to corticosteroids, organizing pneumonia can be treated with immunosuppressive agents such as mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and rituximab, and in particular cases, macrolides and intravenous immunoglobulin.
SummarySecondary causes of organizing pneumonia outnumber the cases of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of treatment for organizing pneumonia, but mycophenolate, macrolides, and intravenous immunoglobulin can be used as adjuncts or steroid-sparing agents.