Purpose of Review <p>This review provides a concise summary of the pathology, current suggested diagnostic tools, treatment and management of pleural tuberculosis (TB). It considers future developments and long-term implications for patients in terms of improving diagnosis and lung health post-treatment.</p> Recent Findings <p>There remains limited research on pleural TB but publications have focused on point of care testing and strategies to improve diagnosis and management of latent TB. Studies have also considered the long-term implications of TB following successful treatment, looking at physiological and symptomatic indicators.</p> Summary <p>Tuberculosis should be considered in all patients with a unilateral pleural effusion. Positive microbiological culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis. There remains a long way to go to achieve global TB eradication and further investment is needed to improve speed and accuracy of diagnosis and optimisation of treatment, with encouragement taken from the increasing use of nAAT as a point of care testing.</p>