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<p>Six new polyketides, peniexpansones A–F (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>,<b> 6</b>,<b> 7</b>), along with an additional novel compound, (2<i>E</i>,4<i>E</i>,6<i>E</i>)-8-methyldeca-2,4,6-trienoic acid (<b>5</b>), and a known naphthopyrone, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of rice fermented with the soil fungus <i>Penicillium expansum</i> DWS880. Structurally, peniexpansones A–D feature a highly oxygenated tetrahydronaphthalene moiety linked to an acyl chain. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS) and further supported by quantum chemical calculations. Peniexpansone C showed weak cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> 22.81 ± 0.42&#xa0;μM) and moderate antimicrobial activity against pathogens including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Moreover, peniexpansones A and B, can significantly improve the anti-fungal activity of fluconazole against resistant <i>Candida albicans</i>. Our results provided new structures for the future development of efficiency enhancement agents for anti-fungal drugs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Peniexpansones A–F: polyketides from Penicillium expansum DWS880 capable of enhancing the activity of fluconazole against Candida albicans

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Wen-Yu Lu,
  • Qing-Hui Xiao,
  • Ai-Lin Liang,
  • Peng-Ju Xu,
  • Jing Li,
  • Wen-Xuan Wang

摘要

Six new polyketides, peniexpansones A–F (1–4, 6, 7), along with an additional novel compound, (2E,4E,6E)-8-methyldeca-2,4,6-trienoic acid (5), and a known naphthopyrone, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of rice fermented with the soil fungus Penicillium expansum DWS880. Structurally, peniexpansones A–D feature a highly oxygenated tetrahydronaphthalene moiety linked to an acyl chain. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS) and further supported by quantum chemical calculations. Peniexpansone C showed weak cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells (IC50 22.81 ± 0.42 μM) and moderate antimicrobial activity against pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Moreover, peniexpansones A and B, can significantly improve the anti-fungal activity of fluconazole against resistant Candida albicans. Our results provided new structures for the future development of efficiency enhancement agents for anti-fungal drugs.

Graphical Abstract